Hrm Issues in the Premium Oil and Gas Case Essay

This article depends on the Premium Oil and Gas Company (POG) contextual analysis. POG, as a worldwide, organization is working in expanded business condition. It causes truth be told, a need to manage differed interior and outside natural issues, that happen inside the organization. Inside business ecological issues are in charge of the endeavor. Outside business ecological issues, then again, are driven by factors, that are outside the ability to control of the organization (for example lawful issues). As indicated by the administrators, POG organization tries to turn into a genuinely worldwide venture, known for its advanced and meritocratic administration, upheld by remarkable learning association. By and by, some significant issues can be found at all levels where organization works. This paper is centered around POG vital issues, identified with HR the board (HRM) and is separated into three sections. The main segment of this paper gives a concise review of the organization points and blueprints the article plot. The accompanying segment demonstrates and examinations two principle HRM issues, identified with POG case, including general avocation of the decision made. Simultaneously, a progression of proposals for POG is given, before ends will be introduced in the third part. Two principle issues characterized by the creator allude to correspondence and information sharing perspectives. All in all, one of the most critical stages for organization issues to emerge are the way of life contrasts between collaborators. Since internationalization techniques began being executed by ventures for an enormous scope and the quantity of global organizations developed quickly, additionally multicultural issues have gotten the generous issue to manage. For POG case, where westernized culture of the headquarter is defied with eastern perspective in Azeri auxiliary (Hercules Meets Buddha), correspondence issue can be named as one of definitive elements influencing authoritative side of the organization. The primary job of hierarchical correspondence (Elving, 2005) is to illuminate plainly workers about their duties, just as about organization arrangements and issues. Furthermore, correspondence prompts a superior mix and network creation. Hancock and Zayko (1998) likewise show the significance of correspondence, though its need frequently gives feelings of hatred between workers. The correspondence levels in POG might be recognized Azeri representatives (learners) and their coaches/partners from headquarter, as additionally between Azeris inside their gathering, what shows itself in collaboration undertakings. The most proper hypothetical system to break down the correspondence issues in POG is by all accounts the idea of Hofstede’s five social measurements (Hofstede, 2001) according to Azeri national culture. First measurement in this model alludes to vulnerability evasion, clarified by Hofstede (2001, p.161) as â€Å"The degree to which the individuals from a culture feel undermined by unsure or obscure situation†. Corresponding to POG case, there is a solid distance, dubiousness and hesitance of Azeri students to westernized corporate culture. These kinds of conduct appear to be common response on culture stun. In result, elevated level of vulnerability shirking effectively decreases the proficiency in correspondence among them and their western partners. The second, and one of the most significant measurements in setting of correspondence is power separation. Mulder (1977) as refered to in Hofstede (2001), clarified the significance of intensity separation by examination of intensity determinacy, which is inconsistent among less and all the more impressive individuals from a specific framework. Nations like Azerbaijan, display a high level of intensity separation, which implies that its residents are a various leveled society. As a result, a few issues can be seen in POG relational abilities trainings. Right off the bat, Azeri learners fear posing inquiries, as absence of information is seen by them as mortification. Additionally, there is a solid opposition of rising issues with administrators in dread of sabotaging their position and harming associations with them. Additionally attempting to make determinations from botches is troublesome, as assuming liability is extraordinary for Azeri individuals. POG mentors discover these practices in absolute restriction to the organization conceptualizing working examples, reliable with open and allowed to ask POG culture. Another measurement in Hofstede’s model is independence, as resistance to cooperation. There are a few principle contrasts between these suppositions (Hofstede, 2011). In individualistic social structure, just close family is relied upon to deal with its part (â€Å"I†-awareness society). Individualistic methodology is worried about westernized societies. Then again, in collectivist social system, close family is stretched out to different family members and non-relative in-bunch individuals (â€Å"We†-cognizance society). Definition, which all the more precisely portrays Azeri society is cooperation, what POG mentors thought to be a strong base to create group wor king aptitudes for them. Notwithstanding, as the training appears, there is a solid acknowledgment of disparity inside the gathering individuals, coming about because of status-cognizant society model. In Trompennars and Hampden-Turner seven dimensions’ model (1997), status-cognizant methodology is characterized as credit hypothesis, where status depends on position. Correspondence issues emerge, when there is a need from coaches to recognize duties and commitment of specific individuals in a group. Correspondence inside the group is additionally influenced by the economic wellbeing of its individuals. Next measurement from Hofstede is a separation of social mentality as far as sexual orientation. Female and Masculine social orders can be characterized. Female society is related with humble and thinking about the two sexual orientations. There is a harmony among family and work (Hofstede, 2011). Genuine instances of female social orders are Scandinavian nations, yet additionally Russia, where the job of ladies is innately high and persuasive in social relations (Camiah and Hollinshead, 2003). Then again, manly social orders reflect man centric and conventional structure with male administration and space job (Sikdar and Mitra, 2012). This methodology is near Azeri social practices, where ladies job in the public eye is very restricted or possibly not equivalent to this of men. Thus to POG case, a huge correspondence issue emerges between Azeri learners and female L&D official. Regardless of her remarkable capabilities, correspondence obstructions are assembled in view of social gradual additions. Male learners think that its offending to be exhorted or instructed by female. In result, data stream is profoundly upset. The fifth measurement (Long-Term versus Transient Orientation) isn't legitimately connected with correspondence issues for this situation, notwithstanding, all in all it might be a significant sign for multicultural issues dependent on personal conduct standards. Another issue identified with correspondence is language. In any case, this angle is likewise profoundly connected with information sharing issue and will be clarified later on in this paper. Considering the primary issues identified with the correspondence in POG, distinguished in this paper, a few changes ought to be furnished so as to adapt to these issues. A correlation can be made to Elite Hotel case, where social contrasts had likewise a solid effect on correspondence between collaborators. Albeit a few proposals might be canvassed in the two cases. Initially, the presentation for â€Å"Communication and Team Working† module ought to be modified. This module, as a key device of correspondence, sometimes falls short for to social contrasts between Azeri associates and friends culture the board conspire. Useful usage of organization rules won't prevail without comprehension of these social contrasts by the two sides. Considering POG’s yearnings to turn into a genuinely worldwide and meritocratic organization, obligation and adaptability in the executives procedures ought to be implanted. Practically speaking, different social trainings, just as social occasions to develop cognizant relations, ought to be given toward the start of the preparation programs. Such intellectual advances should improve correspondence and become a stage to execute functional parts of the preparation program. â€Å"Communication and Team Working† module alterations will concentrate on defeating of intensity separation impacts, through drawing in students to a functioning inclusion in conversation and critical thinking proposition. Additionally singular instructional exercises for Azeri students may assist them with overcoming correspondence obstructions. Disparity regarding ‘team working’ should be suspended by development of authoritative culture, so as to upgrade intercultural and intra-social correspondence. Underestimation of female as an instructor ought to be defied with an immense, immediate and nonstop help from high male specialists to break the generalizations and show learners how to beat them without losing regard in their own condition. By the by, the skills of L&D official must be demonstrated by this youthful female. Information sharing procedure is worried as another noteworthy issue identified with POG case. Though express information can be formalized, inferred information is firmly associated with correspondence. Moving further, correspondence issues have sway on information moves. Procedures of making information and its administration in hierarchical level have been concentrated by numerous creators. The greater part of them accentuate the significance of capacity to move information, as a crucia l factor in fields of hierarchical learning forms (Goh, 2002). The way toward sharing information might be considered from various settings. Moves may occur inside a similar unit in association, all through various divisions, or between auxiliaries. Information can be additionally shared between people, networks and gatherings; locally, broadly or around the world. Argote and

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purchase custom Militancy article For whatever length of time that the law fortified business as usual, women's activists battling against testimonial needed to adopt an extreme strategy so as to get lawful plan of action. They needed to introduce a genuine danger to the built up framework. The issue of the establishment of law as it identified with governmental issues introduced unpretentious inconveniences. For one, the Suffrage Association had later, on during the course, turned preservationist, with the fundamental guarantee progressed being that regardless of whether ladies were given force at the voting booth, they would not utilize it. This didn't persuade the legislators and the male-ruled foundation of law. An excessive amount of slowing down prompted despair among womens rights activists to the degree that they began summoning aggressor dangers so as to offer force to battles in a frenzied offer to catalyze the advancement change. 50 years was an extremely significant time-frame for a minimized social gathering to sit tight for law changes. This is something that the new administration of the Womens Rights Movement saw well indeed and consequently turned into the fundamental wellspring of inspiration for activist measures to be received. The driving force with which the suffragist plan had been presented during the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848, Duncan battles, was reignited with the takeover by youthful, lively and increasingly edified youthful pioneers (619). Also, a sharp difference can be determined between those suffragists who were wangling over the ramifications of liberating the dark populace, advocating for institutional changes and battling for state enactment so as to get the intensity of the voting form. Such wrangles, aside from driving parting of existing associations development of new ones, caused to notice the shortcomings of the course that ladies were battling for. Despite the fact that the rival sides rejoined later, it is the aggressor power that had portrayed the development since its origin that kept the mission of freeing ladies, subsequently assuming the greater part of the acknowledgment for the introduction of nineteenth amendment. It is through relationship to militancy that new, youthful pioneers felt obliged to continue with the battle for testimonial rights as far as possible. At the point when Alice Paul, a noticeable suffragist, called for hunger strikes and activist activities, an unmistakable message had been sent to each supporter of the Womens Rights development that tirelessness was required, mass walks would portray all battles and that no trade off would come in the method of the honorable course that the ladies were battling for. This clarifies the basic job that such firm stance positions played in spreading a firm message of discontent and mindfulness with the built up framework that neglected to perceive ladies as residents, in this way denying such fundamental social liberties as casting a ballot. The fifteenth amendment accompanied new guarantees by permitting African Americans the privilege to voote. However it lighted a fire of anger among suffragists who contended along these lines: if bondage was canceled on both male and female dark Americans, for what reason can something very similar not occur to the issue of the option to cast a ballot? As DuBois puts it, the way that such an inquiry activated scorn among genius foundation powers implied that something past insignificant crusades was required if these rights were to be accomplished (856). History has demonstrated that the choice by Womens Rights Movement to utilize the militancy system is that one the one that contributed most to the announcement of the nineteenth amendment, which gave casting a ballot rights to ladies. Students of history like to play with the recommendation that in spite of the fact that the nineteenth amendment was announced, that is the extent that ladies went concerning their privileges. That aside, the testimonial battle obviously laid out the risks of trading off the most essential standards of social liberties so as to accomplish political convenience. It is no big surprise, at that point, that legislators needed to experience an aggressor development that was resolved to have a lot of their progressive pie. The aggressor approach was required so as to fill in the backing vacuum that would have been made by disparate perspectives on preservationists and radicals inside the Womens Rights Movement. Of these two gatherings, it is the activists power that was additionally persuading to government specialists, so compelling it was that the nineteenth amendment was at long last broadcasted on August 26, 1920. Purchase custom Militancy article

5 Ways to Increase Your Mental Flexibility

5 Ways to Increase Your Mental Flexibility More in Theories Biological Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Being able to “go with the flow” and be flexible in your thinking is a necessary skill for dealing with life’s inevitable changes. This is a trait that helps us adjust more easily to new circumstances, challenges and situations as they arise. Whether it’s starting a new job, taking a new class or getting married, being cognitively flexible helps us to grow and get along better with others. However, for many people, this is much easier said than doneâ€"especially for those who tend to “get stuck” on certain thoughts and behaviors patterns. They may also tend to be stubborn, argumentative or oppositional, worry constantly, get upset when things don’t go their way, be uncooperative (or automatically say “no” to things), or have conditions such as addictions, obsessive-compulsive tendencies, eating disorders, and even road rage. A common feature of all of these is difficulty letting go of thoughts or behaviors. The Biological Basis of Inflexibility An area of the brain called the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) tends to be overactive in people who have difficulty with cognitive flexibility. Located in the front part of the brain, the ACG is involved with shifting attention. When the ACG works well, it allows us to focus on something, let go, and then shift to focus on something else. However, when it is overactive, there is a tendency for people to get stuck. One of my patients described her experience with this as “being on a rat’s exercise wheel, where the thoughts just go over and over and over.” Strategies for Improving Cognitive Flexibility The good news is that there are some simple strategies you can incorporate into your life to help you become more flexible and adjust more easily to change. Improving nutrition, exercise and working on thought stopping/reframing can help improve cognitive flexibility. Change Your Diet It has been noted that the ACG has many “serotonergic” fibers and that people who tend to be rigid in their thinking or behavior may have a deficit of serotonin. For many, a diet with a higher ratio of complex carbohydrates to protein can be helpful. In particular, you might try adding chickpeas and sweet potatoes to your diet because these foods help boost serotonin, are high in fiber, and are lower on the glycemic index. Serotonin levels can also be raised by eating foods rich in L-tryptophan which is a building block of serotonin. Such foods include chicken, turkey, salmon, beef, nut butter, eggs, and green peas. Exercise Another way to increase L-tryptophan is by exercising. Exercise also increases your energy levels, reduces your worries, and can distract you from the repetitive thinking patterns that get stuck in your head. Practice Thought Stopping   An important part of gaining control over your repetitive thoughts is to become aware of them when they occurâ€"and then practice the simple technique of thought stopping.   Try envisioning a red stop sign, and saying to yourself: STOP! The more you practice this, the more you may feel control over their thoughts. You can also use a rubber band on your wrist and snap it when you catch yourself in a loop of negative thinking. The Stop! Technique Document Options and Solutions Writing down your thoughts helps to “get them out of your head” and allows you to view them more rationally. Try writing down: The thought that is stuck in your headWhat you can do to help offset the thoughtThings you have no control over with regard to the thought Think Before Automatically Saying “No” Some people have the tendency to say “no” automaticallyâ€"even before thinking about what was asked of them. This can be especially problematic in relationships. It is limiting and unnecessary to always dismiss ideas or deny your partner his or her requests. To help with this, before responding, take a deep breath, hold it for three seconds, and then take five seconds to exhale, while actually considering what the best way to respond would be. Using these techniques can help you improve your mental flexibility which in turn can help reduce your worries, improve your relationships and reduce the distress you experience when you get stuck on unhealthy or negative thoughts and behaviors.

An Educator s Pedagogical Content Knowledge - 1346 Words

An educator s pedagogical content knowledge is pivotal, especially since the ultimate goal is to educate his or her students. For example, Mr. Cataldo teaches high school English and Ms. Brown teaches high school health. Recently, Mr. Cataldo discovered that one of his students, Yvette, a high school junior, only studies for her exams that night before. Nonetheless, in his English II class, Mr. Cataldo also discovered that Jason, a sophomore, rarely completes the writing assignments. At the end of the school day, Mr. Cataldo encountered Ms. Brown in the teacher s lounge and learned that one of her students, Blake is frequently disrupting her health class with his â€Å"jokes† and inappropriate comments. How can Mr. Cataldo and Ms. Brown†¦show more content†¦How can Mr. Cataldo help Yvette improve her studying habits? Junior year is a pivotal year for high school students, especially since it revolves around preparing for his or her college admissions process. For instance, juniors normally take the SAT or ACT exams at least once before the beginning of his or her senior year. Nonetheless, high school juniors tend to take advanced placement courses as well, mainly because it gives he or she the opportunity to earn college credits. Yvette, a high school junior has a habit of studying for her exams the night before—Mr. Cataldo recently discovered this. How can Mr. Cataldo help? Think about it: First, Mr. Cataldo must have a one-on-one conversation with Yvette and ask her why and how long has she been cramming for her exams. In order to help Yvette, Mr. Cataldo must first identify the problem, followed by using his pedagogical knowledge to develop a plan that can help Yvette. According to Dr. Klemm (2012), â€Å"Students may be forced to cram because they have procrastinated or did not have a regular, organized, and disciplined approach to study† (p. 1). Thus, it seems that Yvette needs help establishing a disciplined approach to studying—it begins in the classroom. When it comes to managing behavior, it is important for educators to understand that establishing conditions that fosters preferableShow MoreRelatedJournal of Teacher Education Critique Essay1366 Words   |  6 Pageswithin teacher education. Topics in teacher education included teacher training and community involvement, school-university partnerships for collaboration, beliefs and perceptions of practice through use of metaphors, professional ethics, pedagogical content knowledge, role of teacher education on career paths, and quality research to improve teacher education. Teacher Education Teacher education has a myriad of trends and issues that impact topics for research. This paper as indicated earlierRead MoreCoe Framework And Ethical Dispositions Comparison Matrix Essay871 Words   |  4 PagesCOE Framework and Ethical Dispositions Comparison Matrix Instructions:In the left-hand column, list seven instances of overlap between the Association of American Educators’ four principles of ethical teachers and the Teacher Candidate Proficiencies in Conceptual Framework. Be sure to cite each appropriately. In the right-hand column, state the priority from 1-7 (â€Å"1† being the most important) youwould assign this concept as an educator.State and defend your rationale. Use research to support yourRead MoreModule 5 - Assignment 1. Analyzing A Model Of Inquiry.1743 Words   |  7 Pagesneed to have to meet the global challenges. Inquiry is a process of active learning that is driven by questioning and critical thinking. The understandings that students develop through inquiry are deeper and longer lasting than any pre-packaged knowledge delivered by teachers to students. Inquiry-based learning follows a process that progresses through phases, but is recursive and reflective throughout (Library of Congress n.d). Furthermore, as education moves into the 21st century, students areRead MoreGeography Teacher Education Problem Statement998 Words   |  4 Pages EDLF 7300: Preservice Geography Teacher Education Problem Statement Katie Loftin University of Virginia Over the last several decades, geographers and educators have worked diligently to improve geography education in the United States and their greatest success has been in establishing a firmer place for geography in K-12 curriculum (Edelson, Wertheim, Schell, The Leadership Team of the Road Map for Geography Education Project, 2013). 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As this new technology makes its way into the classroom, educators should be aware of both problems and opportunities which may be encountered when integrating robots or robotics into their curricula. Problems and PossibleRead MoreThe Role Of Information And Communication Technology Essay1920 Words   |  8 PagesOutlining a through plan to underpin the creation of higher educational and technological competencies, for greater accountability and with a vision for increased sustainability for the country. However, the analogy between the use of technology and pedagogical purposes remained considerably disassociated which further widened the gap between the desired outcome and the designed policy (Navia and Velasco, 2003). This essay will critically discuss the internal and external factors that led to the education

The Aftermath of World War I - 927 Words

The aftermath of World War I left a lasting impression on the 1920s because America entered the Great War later than the big European countries. This gave them an upper hand in their economic position since they did not spend as much money as France, Germany, and Britain did. This ignited their unprecedented affluence which had a domino effect in America’s society in terms of government’s relationship to business. Another effect of the First World War is the Red Scare and America’s prejudice and fear against the minorities shown through the immigration policies it established. These changes in the economy increased living standards, evidently seen through the consumer culture, progressive innovations, and increased consumption. This illusion of expanding prosperity came to an end with the stock market crash in 1929. This opened America’s eyes to their limits which make the 1920s a decade imperative for its legacy rippled throughout our history. With the Re publicans in control of the White House, the policies of promoting business while limiting government control was in favor. President Calvin Coolidge stated, â€Å"The business of America was business,† which was the truth as America plunged into a prosperous economic growth fueled by the consumer culture and other new ideas. The booming economy was led by the automobile industry. This was started by Henry Ford, who pioneered two developments that made this industry growth possible — standardization and massShow MoreRelatedThe Aftermath Of World War I1563 Words   |  7 PagesFollowing the aftermath of World War I, there was a general revulsion against the idea of armed conflict. With a desire to maintain peace, fifteen nations signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact in 1928. Additionally, the effects of the Great Depression forced many nations to turn inward and focus on domestic issues while military forces struggled to identify the next threat. Moreover, vast technologi cal advancements increased the level of uncertainty as military leaders reconsidered the way of war. ConsequentlyRead MoreThe Aftermath Of The World War I1889 Words   |  8 Pagestwentieth century was a chaotic and violent period that left Europe on the brink of total collapse. The aftermath of â€Å"the war to end all wars† was devastating. With seventeen million people dead, and twenty million wounded, World War I was one of the deadliest conflicts in human history. European leaders gathered at the Conference of Versailles in an attempt to broker a Treaty that would end the war, and help rebalance Europe. Yet, the Treaty was doomed to failure, as French representative George ClemenceRead MoreThe Aftermath Of World War I903 Words   |  4 PagesIn the aftermath of World War I, Europe would fall into a depression with the U.S following suit. 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In other words, theseRead MoreHitler s Ideas Expressed With The Government And The Aftermath Of World War I1125 Words   |  5 Pageshope to most German s that were dissatisfied with the government and the aftermath of World War I. The â€Å"Cardinal Principles of the National Entity of Japan† pandered to their Samurai heritage and their discontent with West as a result of the Great Depression. The ideas in both documents would persuade any westerner, specifically American and British, to the same extend as it did with Germans and Japanese, to tirelessly support war. From what concrete conditions did the ideas expressed in theseRead MoreThe Impact Of Wwii On Jewish History1362 Words   |  6 Pagespeople. This war could have extinguished the Jewish culture. According to Holocaust Encyclopedia, this is some of the aftermath of the Holocaust (2). The Anglo-Americans discovered piles of corpses after WWII. Soldiers also found starving and sick Jewish and non-Jewish survivors. Survivors were afraid to return to their homes because they feared for their lives. After the war, survivors were housed in refugee centers. Thousands of survivors decided to go to European territories. The aftermath says thatRead MorePoem Analysis : Sassoon s Poetry1493 Words   |  6 Pagesmovement of the First World War led to an extraordinary flowering of poetic talent. The influence of English war poet and soldier, Siegfried Sassoon, extended far beyond his own works. His journey through the conflict of war reflected a wider evolution of the literary world. I find that following the evolution of Sassoon’s poetry throughout his life contributes to the understanding of the reality of the ‘Great War for Civilisation’. Through his poetry, Sassoon exposed war as it really is – destructiveRead MoreWorld War Entry Essay1042 Words   |  5 Pages January 1917- This war has been going on now for almost three years now, between countries all around the world, but mainly Europe. 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Factor That Affecting Free Essays

Government Regulations – With the introduction of new workplace compliance standards your human resources department is constantly under pressure to stay within the law. These types of regulations influence every process of the HR department, including hiring, training, compensation, termination, and much more. Without adhering to such regulations a company can be fined extensively which if it was bad enough could cause the company to shut down. We will write a custom essay sample on Factor That Affecting or any similar topic only for you Order Now Economic Conditions – One of the biggest external influences is the shape of the current economy. Not only does it affect the talent pool, but it might affect your ability to hire anyone at all. One of the biggest ways to prepare against economic conditions is to not only know what’s happening in the world around you, but also create a plan for when there is an economic downturn. All companies can make due in a bad economy if they have a rainy day fund or plan to combat the harsh environment. Technological Advancements – This is considered an external influence because when new technologies are introduced the HR department can start looking at how to downsize and look for ways to save money. A Job that used to take 2-4 people could be cut to one done by a single person. Technology is revolutionizing the way we do business and not Just from a consumer standpoint, but from an internal cost-savings way. Workforce Demographics – As an older generation retires and a new generation enters the workforce the human resources department must look for ways to attract this new set of candidates. They must hire in a different way and offer different types of compensation packages that work for this younger generation. At the same time, they must offer a work environment contusive to how this generation works. How to cite Factor That Affecting, Papers

Night (A Book Report) Essays - Holocaust Literature, Night

Night (A Book Report) "For more than half an hour he stayed there, struggling between life and death, dying in slow agony under our eyes. And we had to look him full in the face. He was still alive when I passed in front of him. His tongue was still red, his eyes were not yet glazed. Behind me I heard [a] man asking: Where is God now?" The suffering of this child being hanged is comparable to the suffering endured by many Jews during the holocaust. This quotation is found in just one of many heart wrenching scenes found in Night, a biography of the holocaust survivor, Elie Wiesel. Wiesel stayed quiet about the holocaust for ten years and his reasoning for this was, "I didn't want to use the wrong words. I was afraid the words might betray it." This also may account for the fact that some of the sentences found in Night are very wordy and often are overwhelming to the reader because of the amount of significance found in each. This flaw, though, is very forgivable under the circumstances. Besides for the brilliant descriptions found in Night and the feeling that you were walking in Elie's shoes, if he literally had any, Night opens the readers mind to the atrocities of the holocaust and concentration camps. We take for granted, today, our knowledge of knowing how many Jews were killed by the Nazi's and having a general idea of the kind of life people led in the concentration camps. People never really stop to think about what it must have felt like not knowing what was going on or what was going to happen next. Wiesel illustrates this very clearly at the beginning of his autobiography. He shows the reaction of the townspeople when they first heard of Hitler and German troops and the optimistic approach they ecided to take on life. This technique of taking the reader to life before the ghettos and the concentration camps is very interesting and unique. Before reaching about the middle of the novel, the beginning may not really be appreciated. The reader probably will not realize how much greater the effect is on him/her until he/she notices how much life has changed for Wiesel and the rest of the Jews and how unexpected this change was. Night shows the progression of an innocent twelve year old boy who's days were composed of studying the Talmud turn into a "corpse." The German forces are so adept at breaking the spirits of the Jews that we can see the effects throughout the novel. Elie's faith in God, above all other things, is strong at the onset of the novel, but grows weaker as time goes on. On the day of Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish new year, thousands of men came to attend services. Thousands of voices repeated, "Blessed be the Name of the Eternal!" Eliezer thought, "Why, but why should I bless Him? Because he had thousands of children burned in his pits?... How could I say to Him: "Blessed art thou, Eternal, Master of the Universe, Who chose us from among the races to be tortured day and night? Praised be Thy Holy Name, Thou Who hast chosen us to be butchered on Thine altar?" Many instances throughout this novel show how desensitized people became in the concentration camps. In order to survive this was a necessity. Every week in Buna there was a selection process. The weak were sent to the ovens and the strong continued on. A friend of Elie's did not pass the selection one week and all he asked as he walked away was, "In three days... say the Kaddish for me." They promised that in three days when they saw the smoke rising they would think of him but three days came and three days passed and no one recited the Kaddish. At one point in the novel the camp that Elie and his father were residing in was forced to transfer to Gleiwitz. It was painfully cold weather and "the snow fell relentlessly." A scene that secured itself in Elie's memory is that of Rabbi Eliahou running beside his son when he begins to grow tired and slowly starts to fall behind. His son pretends not to even see what is happening to his father and keeps on running. Elie makes a promise to himself that he will always be there for his father, even if it is the cause of his death. Later in the novel, though, it gets harder and harder for Elie

How to Write a Killer Analytical Essay on Othello

How to Write a Killer Analytical Essay on Othello Writing a killer analytical essay is no rocket science once you know how it’s actually composed. This guide will define how to write such an analytical paper so that you have no trouble in creating your own. With that being said, let’s talk about the major principles which will help you in composing your future paper: Composing an Analytical Essay First off, you need to know what you’re writing about. Is it a book, a movie, or something else? Because an analytical essay is all about analyzing a subject or an object. It is based on giving your own review on a specific topic. In this case, you’re writing an argumentative paper on Othello, a famous written by outstanding William Shakespeare. What to Do to Make Your Analytical Essay Stellar Here, you want to explore the concept of the storyline, argumentative characters, or focusing on a line and paragraph of the play, arguing its significance. For example, if a line, a phrase, a metaphor, or an imagery is repeated over time, you should be able to decipher why they’re being repeated and whether these things are crucial for the plot or did the author only want to entertain the audience? The best way to brainstorm ideas is to create your own thesis out of your personal perception and understand the context. We recommend you to create a map, in which you have your main idea at the center of the map and other ideas surrounding it. To make things clear, connect those smaller ideas to the big one, and see if it makes a perfect pattern. This way you will also be able to figure out what ideas are not really linked to the main story. Making a Thesis Statement To make a perfect thesis statement, don’t write something that seems obvious or vague; instead write something specific and arguable. Remember, if you’re a college/university student, you should focus more on a smaller version of the plot than the longer one. Finding the Evidence that Supports Your Thesis When you make an argument, it should be supported very well by credible evidence. It can either be a primary source (Othello) from where you gathered evidence, or it can be multiple sources from multiple sites. Either way, you need solid evidence to support your analysis or thesis. Writing it All Down Once you have used our first and second guidelines to brainstorm about what you’re going to write, and you’ve managed to compose a perfect thesis along with supporting evidence; it’s time to start writing. You’ll start with: Writing the Introduction Give a brief background of what your main idea/analysis is all about. You want your reader’s attention so make it interesting to read but avoid being overzealous. Once you have done that, write your thesis in the last few sentences. Composing the Body Paragraph This is where you’re going to argue on your thesis/analysis. You’ll also add supporting evidence with every analysis that you share with the reader. Here is how it’s outlined: Title Analysis Supporting Evidence A title will let the reader know what he/she is going to read. Concluding the Essay Finally, once you have made your point, puta solid seal on your statement. In other words, summarize to what extent your analysis, backed by supporting evidence, makes an impression of well-thought out research. Final Thoughts Congratulations! You’ve successfully accomplished an analytical essay on Othello. But before submitting it to your professor, proofread and edit where it seems necessary. We recommend you to criticize your own work as your teacher would, which might help to make your analytical essay a hit. If you’re still confused and find it difficult to start writing, go back and read our first and second guides: 10 facts for an analytical essay on Othello and 20 Othello essay topics. We’re certain that after reading them, you’ll start custom essay writing immediately.

The Definition of Natural Experiment in Economics

The Definition of Natural Experiment in Economics A  natural experiment  is an empirical or observational study in which the control and experimental variables of interest are not artificially manipulated by researchers but instead are allowed to be influenced by nature or factors outside of the researchers control. Unlike traditional randomized experiments, natural experiments are not controlled by researchers  but rather observed and analyzed. Natural Experiments Versus Observational Studies So if natural experiments are not controlled but rather observed by researchers, what is there to distinguish them from purely observational studies? The answer is that natural experiments still follow the primary principles of experimental study. Natural experiments are most effective when they mimic as closely as possible the existence of test and control groups of controlled experiments, which is to say that there is a clearly defined exposure to some condition in a clearly defined population and the absence of that exposure in another similar population for comparison. When such groups are present, the processes behind natural experiments are said to resemble randomization even when researchers do not interfere. Under these conditions, observed outcomes of natural experiments can feasibly be credited to the exposure meaning that there is some cause for belief in a causal relationship as opposed to simple correlation. It is this characteristic of natural experiments - the effective comparison that makes a case for the existence of a causal relationship - that distinguishes natural experiments from purely non-experimental observational studies. But that is not to say that natural experiments arent without their critics and validation difficulties. In practice, the circumstances surrounding a natural experiment are often complex and their observations will never unequivocally prove causation. Instead, they provide an important inferential method through which researchers can gather information about a research question upon which data might otherwise not be available. Natural Experiments in Economics In the social sciences, particularly economics, the expensive nature and limitations of traditionally controlled experiments involving human subjects has long been recognized as a limitation for the development and progress of the field. As such, natural experiments provide a rare testing ground for economists and their colleagues. Natural experiments are used when such controlled experimentation would be too difficult, expensive, or unethical as is the case with many human experiments. Opportunities for natural experimentation are of the utmost importance to subjects like epidemiology or the study of health and disease conditions in defined populations in which experimental study would problematic, to say the least. But natural experiments are also used by researchers in the field of economics to study otherwise difficult to test subjects and are often possible when there is some change in law, policy, or practice in a defined space like a nation, jurisdiction, or even social group. Some examples of economics research questions that have been studied through natural experimentation include: The return on investment of higher education in American adultsThe effect of military service on lifetime earning  The effect of public smoking bans on hospital admissions Journal Articles on Natural Experiment: The Economic Consequences of Unwed Motherhood: Using Twin Births as a Natural ExperimentNatural and Quasi-Experiments in EconomicsA Natural Experiment in Jeopardy!

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 18

Summary - Essay Example consider different stakeholders involved in tourism industry; government and tourism industry have a strong influence of content of education in tourism. Tourism higher education is strongly connected to tourism industry, which consists of small private business units. Currently, most of them employ unskilled or low-skilled workers because of the lack of educated staff initialling the need in tourism higher education. At the same time, reviewing different studies, Ayikoru, Tribe & Airey (2009) that as a young field of research and educational program, tourism higher education faces several issues. In many cases a degree in tourism is not required by most employers because they do not think it is necessary. Finally, employers do not rush to hire graduates who have those degrees. All these issues in tourism higher education undergo changes under ideological influences which come from their environment. Previously researchers focused on the development of tourism higher education by their trials to integrate different approaches to content of education and curriculum design. They applied marketing approach to tourism curricula and designed appropriate four year program. They advocated that it was necessary to engage tourism professionals to education in order to tie those curricula to life. Overall, all precious studies in tourism education manifested this sphere as a branch of business. At the same time, ideology in context of tourism higher education was not studies in detail. Ayikoru, Tribe & Airey (2009) fill this gap by their extensive research explaining what influences the aims and their representation in this sphere of education. Government, which is the main representative of ideology in any country, has a direct influence on education. Government creates norms which are applied to different institution including tourism education. These norms render particular values which redefine important elements of education. These ideological implications influence

Evaluation of Anger Management Group Research Paper

Evaluation of Anger Management Group - Research Paper Example The dependent variables that the study will use as a measure of finding out the effectiveness of the group management efforts in the evaluation will include three independent variables gender, age, and level of education and the dependent variables will be the training sessions attended by the survey participants. Each variable will be measured using nominal for gender, scale for age, ordinal for the level of education, and scale for training sessions to provide a basis for the relation of independent variables to the dependent variable and allow for the formation of a conclusion on the effectiveness of the intervention on management of anger. The study will make use of Violent Intentions-Teen Conflict Survey (Pre/post Test and L3) for the collection of data on the anger management groups from the respondents that will allow the generation of a conclusion on the effectiveness of the group in meeting its goals of managing anger (Dahlberg, et al., 2005). The researcher will provide the survey to the respondents and a copied returned during the session. The survey used by other studies in the past to measure intentions to use nonviolent strategies to control anger and conflict. Pre/Posttest measure strengths include allowing for the versatility of the collection of information, it is simply allowing for simple analysis of the data, providing a basis for comparison, and allows for flexibility in the use of control groups depending on the needs of the research. The main weakness of the measure is that the clients would remember their answer if there is no duration between the pre/posttest. Another weakness of pre/posttest is th e possibility of affecting the results resulting in a negative impact on the external validity of the research.

To what extent is Frankenstein typical of gothic literature? Essay

To what extent is Frankenstein typical of gothic literature? In you answer make close references to its context and Mary Shelly's use of language. This essay will assess how typical of the gothic genre writings is Mary Shelly's "Frankenstein". The novel was written at a time when electricity was first discovered and Galvanism was being explored, mainly for medical reasons. People at this time were ignorant and sceptical of medicine and so most people would have been disgusted by these studies. At this time the Romantic period was well under way, this movement (which Mary shelly and her husband Percy Shelly who was a poet belonged to) was about freedom of thought, the beauty of nature and the imagination. It was also a time of social change, with the French revolution just over the waters; this could be why the novel is mainly set in central Europe. The structure of Mary Shelly's "Frankenstein" is in many ways typical of the gothic genre. Within the novel there are many letters written to family members explaining what's going on at that point, this builds up suspense, which is a technique many authors who wrote in that era used. The novel also has an a cyclical structure, which means it starts and finishes in the same place, this gives the book a sense of mystery, another characteristic of the gothic genres writings. The structural ending at the end of the novel has no closure, the monster clam's he is about to commit suicide, however we don't have any substantial proof of this fact, this is yet another trait of gothic literature, the ending leaves you wondering "He was soon borne away by the waves and lost in darkness and distance". The ending kind of mirrors what is happening during the rest of the ... ...d" This leaves the reader feeling that you want to know what is the much more that he talks about. I think Mary Shelly's novel of "Frankenstein" is to a great extent typical of the gothic genre, it has a lot of the techniques used by gothic writers and uses a lot of the affects. However the novel is not totally typical of the gothic era because there is no proper good verses evil, the monster is meant to be evil but we as the reader feel far more sympathy for the monster and less to Frankenstein. Frankenstein is the protagonist and main character so we are typically meant sympathise with him, but the novel looses the gothic edge when we start hearing things from the monsters view and so start to feel sorry for him, and roles switch like they did when the monster and Frankenstein met the reader does not really know who to sympathise with towards the end.

Hypermarket Impact on Small Retailer

ABSTRACT Kedai runcit or sundry shops have been a standard feature of our housing estate landscape ever since there were housing estates. These mom-and-pop operations have been selling to their surrounding residents everyday essentials such as groceries, fresh produce, poultry, toiletries, etc. Their reasonable price and close distance have made them popular among residents of the housing estates in which they are located. Lately, though, their popularity has been on the decline due to competition from wholesale markets or hypermarkets which can offer the same items cheaper and conveniently under one roof.Local and foreign-bred hypermarkets such as Giants, Tesco and Carrefour have been invading our towns, big and small, leaving the traditional sundry shops fighting for their business. Many of these small-scale individually-owned shops have since closed their operations permanently or moved them a little further outskirt of town, away from the hypermarket catchment. Just how serious i s the impact of these hypermarkets on the operation of the sundry shops has so far not been fully investigated in Malaysia although many studies have been carried out elsewhere.Thus, this paper presents a study that has been carried out by the authors to investigate how serious the impact is in Johor Bahru. A sample of three hypermarkets was chosen for this study. Using GIS, we spatially showed the annual changes in the density of sundry shop licenses issued by the local authority within the catchment of each hypermarket, three years before as well as three years after the inaugural date of the hypermarket. Also using GIS, we corroborated the decline in the number of sundry shops within the surrounding housing estates with the residing addresses of the surveyed customers of the hypermarkets.The results obtained confirmed that the operation of hypermarkets does contribute to the decline in the number of sundry shops and the degree of the decline decreases radially outward from the lo cation of the hypermarkets. The findings from this study suggest that some rethinking needs to be done about the manner in which hypermarket licenses, or sundry shop licenses for that matter, are issued. Even our current policy of allowing a certain percentage of new housing development to be set aside for shoplots may also need to be reviewed.Keywords: Hypermarkets, sundry shops, GIS spatial analysis 1. INTRODUCTION Kedai runcit or a sundry shop is any shop that sells groceries and other daily items directly to its customers in small quantity (Osman, 1988). Normally, sundry shops are owned by individuals or shared by several individuals and offer limited number of items and quantity. In Malaysia one can find sundry shops in almost every housing estates and villages and they normally have a limited cathment area.A hypermarket, in contrast, is a big-scale retail store that offers a variety of goods and services all conveniently under one roof (Duncan, Hollander and Savitt, 1983). A h ypermarket commands a wide catchment area and it is normally owned by big companies who have numerous branches of the hypermarkets in many places. Among the more-popular chains of hypermarket operating in Malaysia are the locally-owned Giant Hypermarkets, and foreign-owned Tesco Hypermarkets and Carrefour Hypermarkets.Like in any modern country, hypermarkets in Malaysia have been expanding their operation to meet the demand of current generation for quality, convenience, product variety and long operation hours (Malaysian Ninth Plan, 2006). However, there are ever growing concern on the negative impacts of hypermarkets on the business of nearby neighborhood sundry shops (Johor Structure Plan 2002-2020, 2005). This is supported by Bennison & Davies (1980) and Seiders & Tigert (2000) whose study concluded that a hypermarket did have a negative impact on the growth of small sundry shops in the area.In spite of the same concern in Malaysia, there have been no study to investigate the sp atial extent of the impact. Thus, a study was set up by the authors to investigate the spatial extent of the impact and also to find out the factors that attract customers to hypermakets, leaving their neighborhood sundry shops struggling for business. 2. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to spatially investigate the impact of a hypermarket on the operation of the surrounding sundry shops.In order to achieve the objectives the following tasks needed to be carried out: 1) identifying the suitable samples of hypermarkets; 2) identifying the market catchment of the hypermarkets; 3) collection of data pertaining to the number of business licenses issued to sundry shop operators within the catchment areas three years before as well as three years after the operation of the hypermarkets; 4) identifying factors that influence the decisions by the customers to shop at these hypermarkets.The method used to conduct the study is discussed in details in the following section. 3. METHOD The first step of the study was to choose a number of hypermarkets as units of analysis. Among the criteria taken into consideration in choosing the hypermarkets were: 1) the year they were opened for business to ensure that the chosen hypermarkets have been operating for at least three years; 2) the distances between each other to avoid overlapping of the market catchments; and 3) the types of goods sold at the hypermarkets so that they match those sold at the neighborhood sundry shops.Of the total of about ten hypermarkets in the City of Johor Bahru, three hypermarkets met these criteria and were chosen for the study. The three hypermarkets were from a locallygrown hypermarket chain known as Giant Hypermarket that are located in Southern City (in Johor Bahru City Centre), in Plentong and in Skudai (10km outskirt of Johor Bahru) (Refer Figure 1. 0). These three hypermarkets served a number of residential areas, known in Malaysia as taman perumahan or housing estates, located betwee n 0 – 20km surrounding them.The next step was the distribution of questionaire sets to 200 customers per hypermarket (100 during weekday and 100 during weekend) containing questions concerning their home addresses and the reasons for choosing to shop at the hypermarkets. Their home addresses were then inputted into the city plan in GIS format to dertermine the extent of each hypermarket’s cathment area. One way to measure the impact of a hypermarket on the neighborhood sundry shops is to actually count the number of sundry shops that are in business several years before and after the hypermarket is in operation.This is difficult to conduct since the monitoring would take as long as the number of years that we are interested in investigating. One way to expedite the process is to actually study the records of the number of annual business licenses issued to sundry shops and assume that each sundry shop that holds such license is actually operating a sundry shop. On this basis, the number of business licenses issued to sundry shops within three years before and after a hypermarket was in operation were obtained from the local authority (Johor Bahru Tengah Municipal Council).The locations of the business premises of these licenses were then plotted on the city map and then rasterised into a 50m grid format to give a density of sundry shop licenses per fifty square meters for each of the three years before and after the operation of the hypermarkets. The changes in the sundry shop density were then used to explain the impact of the hypermatkets on the business of the sundry shops. 2. Impact on Neighbourhood Sundry ShopsIf most of the customers that patronize these hypermarkets come from the surrounding housing estates as described previously, what is the impact on the sundry shops within those housing estates? The least impact would be slowing down of business for these neighborhood sundry shops while the worst impact would be closing down of busines s. While business slowdown can be investigated, this study only looked at the closing down of business by tracking the number of sundry shop licenses issued annualy by the local authority.Since the impact normally materializes a few years after the opening of a hypermarket, records of licenses three years before and after the opening of the hypermarket were inventoried. Changes in the number of sundry shops were investigated by studying the changes in the density of sundry shop licenses for every 50m2 area surrounding each hypermarket. This is done spatially in GIS by rasterising the 50m2 area into grids and varying the color of the grids according to the number of licenses within the grids for each particular year. Figures 5. 0 – 7. show the annual changes in the density of licenses within the grids for all the three hypermarkets studied. In general, the figures show the decreasing trend in the densities of sundry shops even before the opening of these hypermarkets except fo r the Plentong Giant Hypermarket. The decreasing number of sundry shops surrounding the Southern City Hypermarket (Figure 5. 0) could be attributed to competition among themselves and the operation of another hypermarket chain at the very building occupied by the Giant Hypermarket before it took over the operation.Meanwhile the decreasing number of sundry shops surrounding the Skudai Hypermarket (Figure 7. 0) could be attributed to the opening of another Giant Hypermarket just 4km away the year before the Skudai Hypermarket opened, apart from competition among themselves. The number of sundry shops surrounding the Plentong Hypermarket (Figure 6. 0) on the other hand was on the increase prior to the opening of the hypermarket. Investigation revealed that this was due to the opening of several new housing estates in the area which normally, as the case is in Malaysia, come with a number of shoplots.

Facts About Tylosaurus, a 35-Foot Cretaceous Predator

Name:  Tylosaurus (Greek for knob lizard); pronounced TIE-low-SORE-us Habitat:  Shallow Seas of North Ameria Historical Period:  Late Cretaceous (85-80 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 35 feet long and seven tons Diet:  Fish, turtles and other reptiles, including dinosaurs Distinguishing Characteristics: Long, sleek body; narrow, well-muscled jaws A Large and Vicious Predator The 35-foot-long, seven-ton Tylosaurus was about as well-adapted to terrorizing sea creatures as any marine reptile could be, considering its narrow, hydrodynamic body, blunt, its powerful head suited to ramming and stunning prey, its agile flippers, and the maneuverable fin on the end of its long tail. This late Cretaceous predator was one of the largest and most vicious of all the mosasaurs—the family of marine reptiles that succeeded the ichthyosaurs, pliosaurs, and plesiosaurs of the earlier Mesozoic Era, and that is distantly related to modern snakes and monitor lizards. Like one of those extinct plesiosaurs, Elasmosaurus, Tylosaurus figured in the famous 19th-century feud between the American paleontologists Othniel C. Marsh and Edward Drinker Cope (commonly known as the Bone Wars). Squabbling over a set of incomplete Tylosaurus fossils discovered in Kansas, Marsh suggested the name Rhinosaurus (nose lizard, a great missed opportunity if ever there was one), while Cope touted Rhamposaurus instead. When both Rhinosaurus and Rhamposaurus turned out to be preoccupied (that is, already assigned to an animal genus), Marsh finally erected Tylosaurus (knob lizard) in 1872. (In case youre wondering how Tylosaurus wound up in landlocked Kansas, of all places, thats because much of  the western U.S. was submerged beneath the Western Interior Sea during the late Cretaceous period.) Dazzling Discovery While Marsh and Cope squabbled endlessly, it was left to a third famous paleontologist, Charles Sternberg, to make the most dazzling Tylosaurus discovery of all. In 1918, Sternberg unearthed a Tylosaurus specimen harboring the fossilized remains of an unidentified plesiosaur, its last meal on earth. But thats not all: an unidentified hadrosaur (duck-billed dinosaur) discovered in Alaska in 1994 was found to harbor Tylosaurus-sized bite marks, though it seems that this dinosaur was scavenged by Tylosaurus after its death rather than plucked, crocodile-style, directly off the shoreline.