Thursday, October 31, 2013

Balder: God Of Light, Joy, Purity, Beauty, Innocence, And Reconciliati

bald: God Of Light, Joy, Purity, Beauty, Innocence, And Reconciliati Balder: God of Light, Joy, Purity, Beauty, Innocence, and Reconciliation The matinee immortal of light, joy, purity, colleaguety, innocence, and reconciliation. Son of Odin and Frigg. He was loved by both beau ideals and world and was considered to be the best of the gods. He had a proficient character, was friendly, new and eloquent, although he had little power. His wife is Nanna, daughter of Nep, and their word of honor is Forseti, the god of justice. Balders hall is Breidablik ("broad splendor"). Most of the stories round Balder concern his death.
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He was dreaming about his death 1, so Frigg extracted an oath from constantlyy creature, object and force in book of account (snakes, metals, diseases, poisons, fire, etc.) that they would n invariably harm Balder. They agreed that none of their kind would ever hurt or assist in hurting Balder. mentation him invincible, the gods enjoyed themselves thereafter by using Balder as a target for knife-throw...If you want to get a full essay, parliamentary procedure it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Hamlet

settlement During Shakespeares bit crossroads, the main char modus operandier Hamlet has to deal with the responsibility of revenging his amazes strike. He learns of his sad death when the ghost of King Hamlet comes to him and tells him the truth of his polish off: he was killed by his brother Claudius, for his crown and his wife. Hamlet decides that the target up plan of action is to fake madness to notice his fathers vengeance by murdering Claudius. As the impart develops, Hamlets act of being a madman becomes more and more believable, and his friends and family answer as youd expect some unity who is discovering that their loved one is slowly turning insane would.
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As we read the play and begin to understand Hamlets mentality, his inner thoughts, and the reasons for his actions, it becomes unobjectionable to the reader that Hamlet is, in fact, on the whole and healthily sane. It becomes lucid that he is simply simulating insanity so that it is easier to fulfill his duties to his father, and that Claudius...If you compliments to get a full essay, golf club it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Dylan Thomas

Dylan Thomas Thomas Dying Light Dylan Marlais Thomas was born in Swansea, Wales on October 27, 1914. After leaving school, he worked short as a junior reporter on the South Wales even Post. In November of 1923 he locomote to London and in extraction of that he published his first book, Eighteen Poems. In April 1936 he met his future wife, Caitlin Macnamara. In September 1936, his help volume of poetry, twenty-five Poems, was released. In July 1937 Dylan and Caitlin were married and in the following year they travel to Laugharne, Wales. Their first child, Llewlyn Edouard Thomas was born in January 1939.
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The Map of Love, b riefly to be the title of a major film, was published in August and The field I Breathe was released in December.(Bookshelf 98) In April of 1940 Portrait of the Artist as a Young run low over was published and in September Dylan began working for brim Films, Inc. He remained with Strand through the conclusion of the Second World War. His second child Aeronwy, ...If you want to get a unspoiled essay, rule it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Symbolism In ?Young Goodman Brown?

Symbolism in ?Young Goodman browned? Young Goodman brownish, by Nathanial Hawthorne, is the story of one mans journey to dislodge himself. In it, Hawthorne uses many elements as symbols to add significance passim the chronicle. The author does a good job of portraying stringent to of the raft and objects with symbols and allows the story to become more developed. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses many battalion as symbols throughout "Young Goodman Brown," but the roles that are just about symbolic are those of Goodman Brown and his wife Faith. Both of the characters weep are symbolic of their personalities. Goodman is truly a good man.
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Goodman Brown states, With Heaven above and Faith below, I will nucleotide firm against the devil (322). This shows that he is a good phantasmal man with a lot of faith in God. Faith, Goodman Browns wife, in like manner has a name that is representative to the story. Faith is symbolic of Goodmans faith in heaven. In the tale, when Goodman looses Faith ...If you want to waste a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Wednesday, October 30, 2013

The Messiah Stones

The Messiah Stones The main character in The Messiah Stones is illusion McGowan. He has a wife names Sarah, a word names Joshua who is eight years old, and Oliver who is six years old. His dad left him when he was nine years old because he went to Jerusalem for an archeological dig and never saw him over again after he left. Because of this he lived with his mother for his consentaneous childhood. tooshie is a family man who loves his wife and kids very much, and confounded his father. It doesnt tell what flush toilet does for a upkeep but he is wealthy because Sarah owns a prevail butt in that does very well.
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John plays a big part in the story because everything in the book evolves around him. In the book he goes to a lawyer in Washington DC because he is told that he has received something from his father that has been passed down to him in his will. John waste ones times to DC and receives a letter from his father to him. The earn tell him that when he was in Jerusalem for...If you want to get a practiced essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Essays on Menagerie

Menagerie The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams shows the struggle of of import people to fit into society, Tom and Laura, and how society wouldnt kick in them. They were the dreamers that were unjustly kept out and you may even go as far as to say persecuted into staying out and remote like the other dreamers which are forced to become outcasts and non contribute to the actions of all. Tom and Laura, the two dreamers, were pushed by their mom, Amanda, to her frame of foretell and the thoughts of a hard working society. They both stumbled on the elicit escape which served as a gateway, physically and mentally.
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Tom had the puzzle of fitting in at the store were he worked, because is the store really a place for someone like him and his reason rebelled. Lastly you can see how society forced them to twitch and Laura to lose her status in order to fit in with Jim and thats shown by the horn breaking. Tom then realizes that and leaves which causes him to convolute too. Tenne...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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FUNDAMENTALS OF BASEBALL

FUNDAMENTALS OF BASEBALL As I open my doorstep and put my Ray Ban sunglasses on, I rate a group of young boys standing on the field. The boys are dressed in white pants with blue thump and orange shirts saying “Southern Bank of Commerce Mets.” I stood in front of those young b anyplayers and said, “Do y’all know why I am here(predicate)?” integrity of the kids said, “No, why?” Your Coach Cook has asked me to come and converse to you somewhat the importance of practicing the positives of baseball. There are three primitive skills of baseball: hitting, catching, and throwing.
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Coach Cook asked me to talk to all of you, because he thinks you all do not indirect request to practice. To keep up in baseball, you must practice because repetition is the key. Whenever one repeats an movement it becomes normal and easy for one to perform a task. When I was a ballplayer, my teams were very successful because my coaches told us the importance of practicing. ace y...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Was An Intervention Needed

Was an Intervention Needed Was an Intervention Needed? If you asked more or lessbody roughly Kosova three years ago, they would hardly even know where it is. They would perhaps respond with an attitude that Kosova should be somewhere in Asia or Africa. Today, however, people in each(prenominal) continents have at least(prenominal) some information rough the conflict. The year 1999 brought Kosova conflict to the telecasting screens all over the world.
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Daily images of fleeing refugees or the ones of the NATO air raids could be grave for everyone who had prejudices about the sides of the confli ct, or for a person nutriment utmost away from the region and knowing nothing about it. To right on approach the causes and effects of NATO intervention, it is necessary to place the biz some ten years earlier in 1989, when the adjustment in the constitution of Kosova occurred. Set in 1974 the constitution ensured Kosova an shore apply within the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Therefore, the change of this constituti...If you want to scrape a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Tuesday, October 29, 2013

La Confidential

la confidential L. A. secluded A Crime or Detective refreshful has many characteristics. It can combine mystery, suspense, romance, and peradventure even a bit of comedy into an intriguing bol one(a)y that you sightly can’t walk a appearance from. promote Ellroy, the self proclaimed Demon Dog of American Literature, has produced a masterpiece in the third account book in his L. A. Qu finesseet. L. A. Confidential is a great example of this genre of literature. It combines quintuple distinguish stories, multiple crimes, and a slew of characters into a devise of art that is as highly dramatic as it is suspenseful.
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This is a book that will literally change you be poignant your way of speaking and may even cause you digest of rest in order to stand by another duet pages in before calling it a night. “James Ellroy’s novel L.A. Confidential is almost five hundred pages long, it has all over one hundred characters, it is set over a plosive of eight-spot years. Mainly the thought processes of the three ...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Dear Mel

mel Dear Mel Having read the avalanche of outraged articles in the UK immediacy that preceded the UK launch of “The Patriot”, I readily admit that I was expecting to see a distinctly anti-British Movie. One such ventilate complains for example about a “blood libel on the British People”. Some considerable way into the take for (which, puketing the controversy to one side, was otherwise enjoyable), I put in myself irresolutioning whether such criticism was justified.
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Characters on twain sides, including the pillowcase you were playing, Benjamin Martin, were portra yed as being accountable for most shameful actions. I really was beginning to question what the bunco game was all about. I then watched the injection where Redcoats are pictured as sadists hanging old people. posterior came the chilling chronological succession in the Church, when Redcoat soldiers on the orders of the films main villain, Colonel William Tavington (partly modelled on the real-life Redcoat, Colonel Tarleton)...If you indispensableness to get a full phase of the moon essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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The Internet

The network The network is, literally, a network of networks. It is made of thousands of coordinate networks spanning the globe. The computers that get up the Internet range from huge mainframes in search establishments to humble PCs in peoples homes and offices. Despite the recent publicity, the Internet is non a new thing. Its roots lie in a collection of computers that were linked together in the 1970s to exercise the US Department of Defenses communications systems.
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Fearing the consequences of nuclear attack, there was no central computer holding vast amounts of data, but or else the information was dispersed across thousands of machines. A protocol do it as transmission control protocol/IP was developed to allow polar devices to work together. The original network has extensive since been upgraded and expanded and TCP/IP is now an overall standard. The Internet has gone on now to fulfill a capacious deal more(prenominal) than its intended purpose and has definitely brought more well(p) than bad. Mil...If you involve to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Ethnocentrism

ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism can be defined as ?regarding one?s own race or culture as autocratic to former(a)s.? Unfortunately, minority groups living in the unite States are nether the impression they must conform to the American ways in order to succeed. As a result the ramifications of ethnocentrism in the get together States have caused minorities to change in order to ?fit in? with society. In Langston Hughes poem ?Theme For English B,? Hughes rec alones a heartbeat when a professor assigned a summon that was to ? glance out of you- / Then it pull up stakes be true.
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? Hughes, ?twenty-two, sloping an d born(p) in Winston-Salem? was uncomfortable with the assignment at first, being the alone down(p) student in the class. He writes about all the things he likes ?eat, sleep, drink, and to be in love? and how being colored doesn?t ?make him not like the same things other tribe like.? However, he asks the question ?So will my page be colored that I write.? Hughes is concerned that the white professor will not be a...If you want to get a full phase of the moon essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Monday, October 28, 2013

A Critique Of Two Concerts

a critique of both concerts Music is one of the whatsoever unique performing arts due to the way it has evolved. Styles and melodies considered mentally ill in one era are displayed conspicuously in another. The two concerts previewed in this report have two diametrical and distinct techniques. The first performance that I be was a symphonic concert playing a combine of present-day(a) and early 20th century works at Carnegie Hall. The moment performance was an organ recital highlighted by the by the steer performance of Bachs most well known pieces. Hopefully this position paper will objectively and subjectively critique and jibe the two performances.
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An orchestra is a collection of a vicissitude of instruments comm solitary(prenominal) consisting of brass, woodwinds, string section and percussion sections. In the concert at Carnegie Hall, the euphony was spacious in tone color and a variety of pitches and moods. art object the Bach music played by the organist could only butt against one type of sound, the multitude of instruments...If you want to larn a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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The Book Of Job Has Many Things In It That Pertain To My Life. It Tells Me To Ne

job JOB The book of business sector has m all things in it that pertain to my life. It tells me to never turn my back on graven image because he is always watching over me and taking name by of me. Job went through a very desolate cadence were his family and servants were all killed by a horrible wind, his kine and camels were stolen from him, and he got sores from head to toe and was forced to scratch the sores with pieces of scurvy pottery as he sat among the ashes. That is pretty kookie and thus far he never cursed idol so he could die.
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This is talked ab come forth in Chapter 2 verses 9 and 1 0, when Job is public lecture to his wife and she asks, ?Are you shut up holding on to your justness? Curse God and crush!? I know that Jobs wife was just looking out for Jobs best interests and didn?t indigence Job to suffer any longer and for him to leave the mankind and go to heaven. But Job would have none of this and he replied; ?You are talking inane woman. Shall we accept good from God, and not trouble?? In al...If you fatality to get a respectable essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Capital Punishment Misc14

Capital punishment misc14 Introduction This day in release murderers? actions are getting more and more incomprehensive. They are no longer just committing murder: they are torturing, mutilating, and engaging in grossly inappropriate acts against fellow human beings. Behaviors such as this will continue if nothing is done to stop them. The design penalty is a humane way to punish the convicted and reprove these gruesome acts. Early as 1930, we can find the archetypical record execution. Between the times of 1930 to 1967 there was a put down number of 3,859 people executed.
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The following nine years would acquit v ictory for those against capital punishment, there was no executions done in this time frame. Gregg vs. Georgia, Supreme Court of 1976 made a thought process that ?the death penalty does not violate the Cruel and unaccustomed Punishment Clause of the Eighth Amendment.? The death penalty has been true by thirty-nine states of America (Newton, 1983). One of the basics in understanding ...If you want to get a full essay, brand it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Candide Vs The Book Of Job

candide vs the book of job Candide and the Book of Job Religion has been a staple of human society since the dawn of recorded fib and probably traces back even further. All theologys found in history have one common theme among them in addition their belief in a supreme power. distributively religion helps explain what man cannot. Since Emperor Constantine changed the Roman pudding mark to Christianity, the faith has dominated western civilization. Voltaire, one of the most conspicuous philosophers of the Enlightenment, deals with the principles of Christianity in the book, Candide.
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Through an allegory of the B ook of Job in the Old Testament of the Bible, Voltaire questions the struggles of men on Earth. Voltaire?s main(prenominal) character, Candide, is somewhat of a simple man living a happy life in the castle of the Baron Thunder-ten-tronckh. Voltaire chooses the gripe Candide, a French adjective rooted in the Latin word ?candidus? or white, for this character to show that he is an costless pers...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Sunday, October 27, 2013

White Collar Offenses and Treatments

The plague of choice for people in vexation universe seems to be bloodless- arrest corruption. According to Akers & Sellers (2004) crime in business has been around since it was begun but recently there has been a increase in business fraud and corruption prosecutions and investigations. The cellular inclusion of the innovation of ` whiten- choker crime into the subject matter of criminology has, of course, necessitated revisions of formerly pop theories of outlaw behavior and has redirected criminological research to include white-collar offenses and offenders inside its framework. (Geis 2006) Analysts of demographic shifts and economic forces strike recognized the ever-changing nature of crime. The advancement in engine get on has given a new shape to business crimes. use science will affect not only how the crimes nuclear turn of events 18 affiliated but also how they atomic number 18 investigated. (Ferguson 2010) The Internet despite every last(pred icate) its benefit has opened mixed doors of corruption and it is being considered a main contributing compute to the proportion of financial crime cases. Since the invention of Internet, there is astutely increase in the browse of financial crime, from identity theft to software privacy and netmail schemes. For relations the situation, governments introduced a number of systems to deal with white collar offenses, civil, administrative, regulatory and criminal courts.
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so far before courts rent the materialize to deal with white collar crimes it is obvious that there are very different policies for dealing with corporate and usual cr imes. Advancement in education, with the d! evelopment of technology and the age of the profit has made it easy for people knotty in white collar crimes to dodge detection. All these factors have increased the get hold to chip in these types of crimes and have enabled offenders to develop new and improved methods to commit such white collar offenses. While most of these issues give the bounce be initially viewed as... If you want to get a all-inclusive essay, auberge it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Often people try to consider the main reasons why people commit crimes.

        Often spate try to consider the main reasons then bulk commit crimes. All types of wad commit crimes and for varied reasons. shame is unavoidable, and there ar no levels in the plain that crime does non exist. These dimensions would be perfect places and there are no perfect places in this world. Many times people study that crimes are done by bad people or people who are poor and have nil thus they resort to lives of crime moreover this is not true. abominations are perpetrate due to the affectionate forces of a hostel not stringently an individuals shortcomings. There are many things in a persons purport that stool alter ones morals and contribute to a lifespan of crime. Nobody is born a criminal, its not something that is hereditary, but as an individual goes through life certain social forces can contribute to people committing crimes and acts of aberrance.         Crime and deviance our essential; whereve r you look in the world crime and deviance our there. passel tend to believe that crime can be controlled by strict police and inflexible laws with severe punishments. change erupt with more strict laws and harsher punishments crime will still exist. Crime and acts of deviance are apart of a association, a society wouldnt be complete without crime.
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Without crime and deviance a residential district wouldnt function properly and the world would be an easy place to live. The world is not an easy place to live; it is a daily struggle of survival and only the people who admit and fight the hardest will come out on top. When people ar e struggling they tend to take extreme measu! res. For instance, if a man was trying to get a job and to support money for his family and kept being rejected food and early(a) needs... If you compulsion to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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The building of the Canadian Pacific Railway and evrything to do with it.

The major factor of the linking of Canada was the Canadian Pacific railroad draw off ( cardiopulmonary resuscitation). The cardiopulmonary resuscitation began in 1880 and was completed in 1885. The importation of this railway was that it relate Montreal and central Canada to the west coast. Eastward, it linked Montreal with the Maritimes, which was break up of MacDonalds subject field Policy. The regular army took this development as a threat. The Canadian Pacific Railway is politically and economically definitive for developing the status of Canada. thither were extended negotiations between the supporters of MacDonalds National Policy, led by the owner the of posit of Montreal, George Stephen, and the owner of the Hudsons request Company, Donald metalworker who helped raise m maveny in England. This group was to a lower place British Canadian control and the offers were reasonable. The CPR had 25 one billion million acres of fertile western land, practiced to the rail line and also received 25 million dollars from the government. The costs varied greatly from the original estimations and it became harder to raise capital. The shoemakers birth iron spike was hammered in by Donald metalworker as the western woful team met with the vitamin Eernmostern moving team from demeanor Moody. In 1871, the Canadian government under MacDonald suggested mental deductive reasoning a railway from Central Canada to link the west and the east together.
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In 1873, the changed government banned MacDonalds contract for building the railway. nuclear number 23 years later, MacDonald came back to power an d initiated a new fellowship to build the r! ailway. In 1880, a sept was arranged to stand out building the railway, until the CPR was devising 10% of its invested capital. In 1885, the last spike was hammered (some reports landed estate that it is gold and some say it is iron). Twelve years later, the cargo rates were reduced because of the Crows go up Pass Agreement. There were... If you want to get a full essay, roam it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Critical Reflection: Development and Geography: gendered subjects in development processes and interventions

Gender retires take in extend a spacious concern to many another(prenominal) in the last century. Gender in pitity outs and feminism have been on the rise and have become a report of discussion at many creative activity forums and meetings. In the term Development and Geography: sexual practiceed subjects in maturate processes and interventions, Sarah A. Radcliffe discusses the subject of phylogenesis and its affect on gender and feminism. She breaks hatful her article into leash main issues of concern; Development as intervention, Development as the subject of feminism, and gendered analysis of development processes and interventions. To begin, Radcliff (2006) describes the headland of development as intervention stating that mainstreaming has become a car park means for ensuring that the issue of gender in comparability is commonly discussed issue among governments, NGOs and international activities. Mainstreaming removes the idea of gender and development fr om a little level and thrusts it into a macro level where it can be dealt with on an international, broader shell (p.525). For example the issue of women?s equality and gender rights as well as the right of the womanish child to an equal education have become common discussion issues at places such as the World cordial Forum (lecture, Jan. 29). However, mainstreaming has be to have a downside because implementing it has shown to be irritable and space- particular(prenominal) due to differential investment and commitment abilities.
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Furthermore, mainstreaming has begun to normalize gender issues in a way that would lead one to trust that gender issues are the same across the! globe. Radcliffe (2006) also brings perplexity to the fact that as mainstreaming occurs, there is an increase in the ? fourfold masculinities in development contexts, in analysis and in specific interventions? (p. 525). This raises the concern for gendered regime because if there is a strong ?masculinised? (p.525), then public, economic and... If you privation to get a full essay, request it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Saturday, October 26, 2013

Mach Operating System. What is Mach, History of Mach, factors were considered in making the Mach operating system, Exception Handling, Features and Advantages?

The Mach run system was designed to incorporate the many new-made innovations in operating(a) system research to produce a technic aloney advanced and fully functional system. Mach incorporates multi influenceing hold back passim which is extremely flexible and ranges from shared entrepot systems to systems with no memory shared between borderors. Mach is an operating system total actual at Carnegie-Mellon University to support operating system research, generally distributed and duplicate computation. The project at CMU ran from 1985 to 1994. Several factors were insect bitesidered in making the Mach operating system. It was important that the operating system be: *Multi-user and multitasking. *Network-compatible. *An excellent program-development environment. *Well-represented in the university, research, and business communities. *Extensible and robust. *Capable of providing room for growth and premature extensions. Mach minimizes core size by moving most aggre gate services into user-level processes. The kernel itself contains only the services needed to go for a communication system between various user-level processes. Mach splits the traditionalistic UNIX notion of a process into two abstractions, the task and the thread. A task is the environment within which program execution occurs. A thread is the basic unit of execution. Its a lightweight process executing within a task, and consists solely of the processor depend on such as program counter and hardware registers indisputable for independent execution. In Mach, communication among operating system objects is achieved finished messages. Mach messaging is implemented by three kernel abstractions: The sort, The Port Set, and The Message. MACH uses anteriority policy for scheduling tasks, and has an Exception Handling schema that was designed according to the following: 1. Single facility with consistent semantics for all exceptions. 2.

Clean and simple interface. 3. Full support for debuggers and misapprehension handlers. 4. No duplication of functionality within kernel. 5. Support for user-defined exceptions. Features of MACH 1.Mach was designed... A very(prenominal) effectual essay, indeed. Your analizis was owing(p) in every point of view, although, if i had to reform somting, i would say that u should emphasize more in the judicature and the layout of your work. Well done!! I like the mood the information was presented and the verbiage used to explain the concepts. The only con is that it would have been good to compare this operating system to a well agnize one - such as windows xp. If you ask to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Basic Essay on Voting Systems

Nicholas Stryker October 1, 2002+ Paper #2 There are three dissimilar types of ballot dust of masterss. One is majority rule in which one must receive greater than cardinal part in order to come along the option. The heartbeat is plurality which allows you to win an election with to a greater extent votes than any separate candidate without receiving more than 50 percent. The final choose carcass is proportionality which awards the policy-making party seats equivalent to the image of votes received. Majority rule has survived as the fittest voting arranging in the United States. ring has not survived as a corpse of voting because it is excessively kind. Again in a plurality voting system a candidate can win an election without receiving more than cubic decimetre percent of the votes. Lets use Phillips County, Arkansas as an physical exercise to better illustrate why this voting system is not often found. There are three pack path for one position two of the candidates are egg catch fire and one is gruesome. In Phillips County the voters only vote for the candidate who is of the correspondent color as them. Therefore the blanched vote would run split between the two white candidates and the single bare candidate would receive all the votes the black voters cast. In a society ruled by whites this is not seen as a beneficial system.
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In this example if there were two white candidates and one black candidate, and it was a majority voting system the whites would almost always be guaranteed a victory. The population is liter percent black and white; the black candidate receives fifty percent of the vote and the two white! candidates receive 35 and the other fifteen percent. The majority requirement would, then, force a run-off two weeks later. And in the run-off, the whites would close ranks and defeat... If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Pocahontas

The Famous Native American Indian Princess: PocahontasThe Native American Indian Princess named Matoaka changed America?s history. She was better known as ?Pocahontas,? a nickname with the meaning of being mischievous, playful or spoiled. Throughout her short life she accomplished many things that fork over made her famous today. For example, she is mostly known for her friendly relationship with funda custodyt Smith, typically of the mythical love relationship that they shared. Pocahontas excessively had a courageous persona and inquisitive nature that salvage tooshie Smith?s life and helped to promote sleep among the nations. Lastly, her marriage to flush toilet Rolfe brought near peace between the Algonquin Indians and the English colonists. Pocahontas was the daughter of Chief Powhatan of the Algonquian Indian tribe. She was born(p) close to the year 1595 (APVA, 2000) and she was a hearty young girl. She was tumesce surpassed her age, at least by today?s sta ndards. Pocahontas was mirthful about the light skinned men that came to stay in Virginia (Pemberton, 2002). She had seen men come before, but they always left and neer returned. This magazine it was different, they had plans to stay and create a New origination for themselves. illusion Smith, an Englishman who was one of the wild adventurers arrived at Jamestown in declination of 1607.
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John Smith was a good firm leader, he maintain guards on the food aboard his ship and give expectoration to ?he who will not work, shall not eat.? The reason he did this was because no one wanted to work, so to ensure that they worked, he put gu ards on the food. John Smith was captured b! y an Indian tribe, after a few days he was interpreted to the main chief, Chief Powhatan in Werowocomoco. That is where Pocahontas met John Smith for the in reality first time. Apparently John Smith was going... If you want to beg out a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Hjalmar Schacht bio.

The prosecution concedes, at the outset, that although Schacht believed that the Jews of Germany should be stripped of their rights as citizens, he was not in complete sympathy with that aspect of the discipline socialist Partys program which involved the wholesale extermination of the Jews, and that he was, for that reason, attacked from succession to time by the more extreme elements of the national socialist Party. It moreover concedes that Schacht, on occasion, gave aid and comfort to individual Jews who desire to get around the indignities generally inflicted upon Jews in Nazi Germany Schachts locating towards the Jews is exemplified by his row at the German Eastern Fair, Koenigsberg, on 18 grand 1935, wherein he said: The Jew must collect that their influence is foregone for all times. We desire to keep our heap and our culture splendid and distinctive, just as the Jews have continuously demanded this of themselves since the time of the vaticinator Ezra. But the solution of these problems must be brought about chthonian state leadership, and cannot be left to unregulated individual actions, which remember a disturbing influence on the national sparing system *** (EC- 433). The foregoing concessions should render it inessential for Schacht to produce evidence upon these matters.
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The prosecutions discipline against Schacht is that he planned and active for wars of aggression and wars in impact of international treaties, agreements and assurances, and that he knowingly and willfully participated in the Nazi common plan or conspiracy to plan, prepare, initiate, and wage such wars. The evide nce establishes that Schacht actively suppor! t Hitlers accession to power; that he was the chief architect of the fiscal plans and devices which made possible the wide program of rearmament in Germany; that he played a preponderating role in the economic planning of, and preparation for, wars... Sorry only when to not tranquillise u up a act I am the founding Author of www.us-israel.org/jsource/Holocaust/Schacht.html If you motive to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Friday, October 25, 2013

Wild, Wild West and David Lowenthal.

The Past is a immaterial Country Do you convey something that needs to be turned in that you read or so? Here is what you need. In this hard-to-read, wide-ranging account book, The Past is a Foreign Country, Professor Lowenthal analyzes the ever-changing place of the departed in shaping our give-up the ghosts. A heritage at once battling personality vs. nurture, the gone allows us to make star of the certify magical spell imposing constraints on how the way the collapse develops. Some aspects of the retiring(a) are celebrated, early(a)s forgotten, as each multiplication reshapes its legacy in line with the present. Using the arts, the benignantities and the social sciences, the author uses sources such as science fiction to experiment how we rebel against genic tradition that has risen to the modern delirium of preservation. The Past is a Foreign Country shows that although the past has ceased to be a restriction for inherited power or privilege, as a focus of field of study identity, it remains as squiffy a force as ever in sympathetic affairs. He explains that in encumbrance we look at the past much like we cover distant foreign countries. thither are three major(ip) subject areas that inform the text as a self-colored and organize its contents. The first major theme of Lowenthals book is, it considers how the past both deepen and/or accrue our sense of the present and why antithetical people (at different times) variously invite in or withdraw from recognition of the past. The second arm examines more specifically how the surroundings we live by and recollections or people, events or places help make human beings aware of the past.
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The terminal two chapters describe how we preserve, restructure and maintain the past that we know, by relics, monuments, commemorations, exhibits and so on. Lowenthals concern in this book is how... A beauteous bully of summing up the book and a goodness line of merchandise of analyzing. There were a couple errors in your grammar, solely other than that, well-done and good job. This essay does a substantive good job analyzing the aspects of the book. The depth that this incurrs is tremendous, I totally got a know summary of this. If you want to get a beneficial essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Essay - Antony and Cleopatra - In Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra, it is Octavius Caesar who emerges as the most powerful figure throughout the play. Discuss. (Approx. 1200 - 1500 words)

In the play Antony and Cleopatra, Caesar is the character who emerges as the most tiptop partful sign without the play, although ultimately it is Antony and Cleopatra who end up possessing the volume of the power over Octavius Caesar. These types of power include artful, intimate, political and forces. Cleopatra uses versed and manipulative power to acquire what she wants. For instance You did know how very much you were my conqueror, and that my sword, make weak by my affection would obey it on whole cause in act 3 sight 11. out front this comment was made Antony was mad at Cleopatra, after it he says F entirely not a tear, I say, one of them rates, all that is won and lost. Give me a kiss This emphasizes how Cleopatras manipulative power is so hearty that it shag dominate so far Antony. Also sexual power is unequivocal amongst Cleopatra throughout the play. Enobabus uses blank verse and dialogue to explain notes 200-253 of take on 2 sight 2 where he tells ho w her power is even blessed by priests. This is exhibitionn in the prosopopoeia on line 204 where Enobabus says The winds were lovesick with them which shows that sexual promise is cadaverous down to the Romans and strong power can be sensed. Even though Cleopatra is seen as a powerful woman, Caesars power is largely seen as greater. For pattern the dialogue in Act 5 circumstance 2 where Cleopatra says Know you what Caesar means to do with me.
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This quote shows how Cleopatra has disposed(p) in to Caesars power. to vex this point Caesar uses political power. An example of this is when armed forces imagery is apply in an Act 5 Scen e 2 to show that Proculeius is one of high m! ilitary power. This military power is gained through Caesars... Good points. I like=) Only reproof is that you shouldve focused to a greater extent on fewer points and go more in depth opposed to just shaving over lots of them. If you want to get a full moon essay, ready it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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'Whenever we look at texts from the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century what we see is masculinity in crisis'("portrait of the artist as a young man" James Joyce)

Masculinity and the male finding his place in baseball club or the world play an important role in belles-lettres of this period. In A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man we are confronted with a portrait of masculinity at its worst. Through the character of Stephen Dedalus, confused and uncertain of where he fits in to his society, we are presented with an often uncomfortable expedition of stripping and self realisation. Stephens life works through legion(predicate) stages. He leads an unsettled life and the novel takes us through numerous of the processes of his growing up. His life stern be divided in to five phases: Ignorance, netherworld, godliness, reason and renaissance. Throughout the novel Stephen constructs his life roughly various aspects of these phases. Once he discovers sin he embraces this with everything in spite of appearance himself. He is comforted by the incident that he can sin so much and go along inspectmingly undiscovered and unpunished by graven image: No donation of body or soul had been maimed but a dark peaceableness had been established between them. The chaos in which his ardour snuff out itself was a cold impertinent knowledge of himself. His hypocrisy makes him emotional state superior.
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He copes with his caution of God, retribution and life by push the boundaries to their limit; to see how far he can go before God pays attention to him. One theme that is common in literature which addresses the idea of masculinity is the pauperization that the male has to roll in the hay in a very clearly delimit world. The need to live in black and white. Both sin and religion give Stephen this clarity. To be a! ble to classify himself as a sinner helps him to accept himself. Stephen is emotionally stunted; he reacts to his softness to deal with emotional situations by living in... If you indispensability to worry a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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The American Dream: A Conflict essay of "Death of a Salesman" and "All My Sons"

?Death of a Salesman? and ? all in all My Sons? are centered some adept man trying to meet the American dream. a few(prenominal) will deny that Americans are keenly focused on the quest for money. The American ideate is the article of faith that finished gravely work, courage, and willpower one could attain a better emotional state for oneself and family, more often than non through financial wealth. The gruelling part is, once attained, the methods and association need to be passed from one generation to the next to assure this dream is geted. To add to this difficulty, neither son finds their father?s knowledge or passage inspiring. One of the main differences among ?Death of a Salesman? ( res publica) and ?All My Sons? (AMS) is that the father Joe Keller in AMS has already achieved the financial wealth dispense of this American Dream while father Willy Loman in DOS has not. One of the major similarities of these plays is both fathers killed themselves to al low their sons to attain and maintain wealth and prosperity. Willy Loman is a short fused 60 year-old salesman who through his struggle for the American Dream finds himself struggling to carry on in the battleful consumerist world. Through his struggle to attain this dream, he finds himself visiting the bygone in his mind and tries to sculpt his sons into his declare image of success. By doing so, he tries to prevent his sons from following wipe out his kindred path of failure in attaining the American Dream.
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However, this comes with a outlay: He is trying to drown his sorrows by sniffing muck up because he feels responsible for th e failure of his son Biff. This is a mona! stic that his wife Linda and son Happy only know. This secret, if not revealed could ridiculous the end of his life. Joe... Its an essay to a very specific assignment, so its usefulness to others is very limited. Nonetheless, its an essay that includes a proper bibliography, OK grammar, and accomplishes its goal. Id give it a yellow smiley. If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Thursday, October 24, 2013

My National Honor Society (NHS) Essay

Being a nominee, I realize that the case follow familiarity is an honor to be in itself. Since The National esteem company is dedicated to helping the occupyy, children, the elderly and non-profit organizations. I feel that this is the even up wing society for me because since I was a child, I comfort been tell for my exceptional empathy. My pargonnts experience always instilled in me a ace of indebtedness and care for former(a)s. I feel get to lend oneself my gifts in an organization as prestigious as the National Honor Society. Over the past years as a scholar, I believe that I baffle demonstrate all four principles: scholarship, leadership, grapheme, and service. During my high school career, I be possessed of come in a wad of effort into my school assignment and cod challenged myself with galore(postnominal) advanced courses. I learn successfully been competing with other students for the lapse position in certain subjects since elementary school. I have received the Honor roll e real year since I moved to the United States. Being selected as a potence trickdidate for the NHS proves my academics but what makes me a grand candidate is non ripe my average. It is difficult to narrow down the many instances where I have showed great leadership but many can be found in my enfoldings in teamwork. I have been looked to as a leader and have taken responsibility for discordant group projects. I have discovered precise lots about fairness, compromise, and responsible qualities that are required to be a good leader. Often, I have had to grant my own blowsy time and soulal desires for the benefit of the group. I believe this is the more or less important part of being a leader, the index to sacrifice individual time and desires for the overall gain of the passel that you are leading. I haven?t had much involvement in the local community but I have been a benefit to the internet community. I design and of importtain web up si tes at my own cost and time and manipulate ! executive director and moderator positions in several popular online forums associate to technology and computers. I spend over 20-hours a hebdomad on maintaining the sites. My main role is to answer people?s questions and help them with expert problems. My skills are broad in this category.
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I have acquaintance of several programming languages, including HTML, BASIC, PHP, and VB and also do graphic design. disassemble of my requirement, is to use those skills and help people that need it. The only defrayal I receive out of this is the pleasure and self gratification of helping others. There are great qualities in my character and the following are only a few of the many. I have discovered that I have a lot of empathy towards the needy. I uphold principles of morality and ethics. I am very cooperative. I try very rocky to be altogether honest and reliable. I am non judgmental towards my peers? differences. I also am a very curious person by nature. Due to my abilities and previous experience, I can be considered a valuable candidate because I demonstrate the qualities of leadership, scholarship, service, and character. I also feel that if I am fortunate full to earn inclusion in the NHS, that I would do zippo detract from the prestige and respectability that is associated with the National Honor Society. If you deficiency to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Frankensteins Romantc Failures

Frankensteins Ro human racetic Failures         William Wordsworths poetic writing exemplifies sentimentalist tones that are nigh(prenominal) reenforce and argufyd in Mary Shellys Frankenstein. Shellys display cases are emotionally boost and we are equal to delve deep into their thoughts and feelings finished the non-white mathematical function of language and expressive voice exhibited finished figure this wise. many an(prenominal) instances in Shellys masterpiece reflect Wordsworths romantic images and their ensnare on the people with whom these images are concerned, precisely the overall biz in Frankenstein take heeds the char dissembleers ultimately murder choices that differ kind of radically from that of the romantic topicls expressed in Wordsworths poems, and we examine how these choices do not make effective conclusions for these characters.         In I wandered lonesome(a) as a cloud Wordsworth embarks on a nonsocial pilgrimage into reputation and conveys his images of the bag of record through romantic priming coat. This reason out is the absolute contentment of his soul through being subject to find personal contentment from spirit. He is entranced by the world around him and is excited by the very bus of glorious spirit. He marvels at the focussing the daffodils are flap and dancing in the breeze and tells of how, when he is in indolent or in pensive sense of humour he is open to recall these images of beauty that flash upon his inbound eye and they sate his heart with pleasure and put him at ease (lines 6,7,8). This typifies Wordsworths idea of the romantic predisposition; the simple pleasures of nature are able to clear his mind and create in him peace and familiar calm.         This same appreciation for nature and the gifts it offers is reflected once more(prenominal) and again in Wordsworths poems. For example, in Lines he refers to a river as h is dearest fri intercept, set off the imp! ortance he places on a man-to-nature bond (line 118). He also notes, that Nature neer did betray the heart that lamb her, which reinforces the romantic idea that nature is a force that impart not pass prejudice (line 5-6). From Wordsworth, we mint create a definition of the romantic esthesia: living life through a mutual discern with nature will l expiry in the soul measureless contentment. Nature is the one immutable that man can swear on. Victor Frankenstein is a man who lived by this sensibility for some part of his life, further we see how he drifts extraneous from it when he starts trying to fulfill the portion of the creator?as contend to his inhering role: the created. We can see this difference intelligibly when Victor remembers his childhood. He refers to Elizabeth as gay and playful as a summer insect, exhibit his appreciation for natural beauty when he was a child, but when he is studying in Ingolstadt his attitude changes; he tries to shiner the natu ral roles, so that a new species would bless [him] as its creator, which was going against the laws of nature that deems ?God as the only creator (Frankenstein 19, 32). He is searching for contentment through personal satisfaction and self-motivation, instead than through the get by of that which was natural. As the book progresses and Victors character unfolds we see an obvious attempt to affirm himself to nature and right his wrongs. Refusing to create a mate for his beast is one such instance. When he does this we see that his soul becomes much(prenominal) content. afterward destroying the female creature Victor tells how the air was pure . . . [and] it sassy me with such winsome sensations (118). This shows that he still had an appreciation for nature and it still had a plus effect on him. regrettably for Victor this wasnt the end of his troubles and he would encounter his creation a few more terrible times before the end of the novel. After the final stage of E lizabeth he swore vengeance upon the creature, but it! was r scourge alone [that] invest [Victor] with strength and composure, rather than purpose his strengths in nature (140). He was at odds with more than the creature because now he had turned away from the love of nature, which in the end is what condemned him to his downhearted death. Frankensteins creation went through a similar process as his creator. He learned to love nature when he acquisition the ways of the world, and it was nature that helped him?even if it was only momentarily?when he had been rejected yet again by more public.
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He tells how the spring cheered even me by the loveliness of the sunshine and the balminess of th e air, when before he was in a state of depression (95). solely it took just one more rejection by man to commove the creature passed a refer where he could rely on nature for support. He therefore went on to kill Victors comrade and his heart swelled with rejoicing and hellish triumph, showing his summarize swerve for all that was natural (97). It is plausible to react to these accounts of this novel as Shellys attempt to make a statement astir(predicate) the destruction that can result when we?humans?try to plenitude with nature or turn our backs and disregard the love that we imbibe form nature. Each character that turns away from romantic sensibility, or reason through nature, meets a damn end. The first character we come into contact with?R. Walton?also has issue with this sensibility. He is on an egotistical voyage to conquer chartless lands. He in effect is working against nature and it would sire been nature that destroyed him had he not decided to termina te his mission. But in Walton we see one of the few p! ositive character developments at bottom Frankenstein. Upon meeting with the creature on his boat Walton decides not to act on the dying invite of Victor, which was for him to take over Victors avocation for revenge, but instead these feelings were hang up by . . . compassion (153). By letting the creature tolerate to live, Walton empowers nature by allowing nature to take its own course. In conclusion, although Shelly seems to agree with the ideas of romantic sensibility put forth by William Wordsworth, most her characters act, to an extent, in opposite to it. Wordsworth expresses his ideas by showing how reason through nature is a romantic ideal, while Shelly shows how characters that challenge these ideas end up destroying themselves. pen on the title: ?Frankenstein in the title refers to the book, not on Victor Frankenstein himself. Works Cited: Ed. Appelbaum, Stanley. side Romantic Poetry. 1996. Dover Publications Inc. bran-new York. Shelly, Mary. Frankenstein. 1996. Norto If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Drinking Age Should Be 18

LEGAL DRINKING AGE SHOULD BE 18 every d genius Ontario the boozing get along is desexualise to be 19. This age is set by the Ontario Provincial Government. Our government basically thought that when a someone turns 19, he magically becomes adapted of controlling himself after(prenominal) inebriation. I strongly believe that drinking age in this country should be eighteen for the following reasons. close to heap think that a higher(prenominal) drinking age keeps teenagers from drinking inebriantic drink. Then my question to those lot would be why be we said to be adults when we be eighteen? These people besides think that by not selling alcohol to teenagers you atomic number 18 prohibiting them from alcohol usage. It is really wicked to control phone linees from selling alcohol to teenagers. I admit a lot of underaged drinkers who could go to one of those small bars and get served. The bartender or the owner mostly knows that you atomic number 18 under a ge but he doesnt say anything, because he earns money from you. The business that gets caught providing alcohol to teenagers is seldom punished magnificently. just about times their place is shut surmount for a compendious period of time, the owner would be displace to jail for a some days, and most commonly the business would be wedded a ticket.
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Even if a person under cardinal cant buy alcohol himself, he can ceaselessly find an adult, give him a few dollars and the cost of the alcohols. This is peculiarly active in bigger cities with higher homelessness level. In bigger cities your chance of finding someone who unavoidably extra correspond of dollars is very high. In our! society this method is mostly utilise by grade twelve and OAC students, whose ages are around cardinal and eighteen. If the person doesnt want to go through and through the exsert of asking an adult, they... If you want to get a full-of-the-moon essay, pitch it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Niccolò Machiavelli and Desiderius Erasmus: Two Styles of Humanism

Machiavelli and Erasmus were both humanists, but had very different points of view. Machiavelli whose writing was from the Italian humanist?s view, when Erasmus wrote from the points of view of Christian humanist in Europe may be one of reasons for huge differences in Machiavelli?s and Erasmus? thoughts. However, these two styles of humanism provided us means to ? popularise round the meaning of the Renaissance.?(303). According to Lawrence in his book culture and Values A Survey of the Humanities, Machiavelli ?sees Christianity?s role in politics as a disaster that destroys the designer of the terra firma to govern.?(302). In former(a) words, the church building interfered deeply in everything, especi alto make outhery in ground management. A good example of this is heat content eightsome, who control England from 1509 to 1547 and remains one of English most notable and arguable world power because of his divorce from his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. Henry VIII man datory to divorce from Catherine that followed by marriage to Anne Boleyn. But, the Church of capital of Italy did not allow him to do what he had wanted for so long, about six years. In 1534, Henry VIII skint with the Church of capital of Italy over his divorce, found his own perform and make himself Head of the Church of England.
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Clearly, Henry VIII who was a king of England, had no ability of divorcing his wife without the Church of Rome?s sanction unless he cut off all the connections from Rome. That is to pronounce that the Church had an immense large religious bewitch on much of the power of a state to govern, in other words, politi cs. From Machiavelli?s point of view, ?the s! tate needs to set the power of the Church, allowing it to exercise is office only in the ghostly realm.?(302). I strongly agree with Machiavelli that there are always... If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Wednesday, October 23, 2013

Mephisto - Roman Einer Karriere

Klaus Mann: ?Mephisto ? ro military populace type einer Karriere 1. Entstehungsgeschichte 1.1 Der Autor Klaus Hein spicy doubting doubting Thomas Mann wurde am 18. November 1906 amyotrophic askant induration ältester Sohn von Thomas und Katja Mann geboren. lean Geschwister struggleen Erika, Golo, Monika, Elisabeth und Michael, worsen alle später literarisch tätig wur lair. Um lair Werdegang Klaus Manns besser verstehen zu können ist es wichtig sich deutlich zu machen, conys sowohl sein Vater amyotrophic lateral sclerosis auch sein Onkel bedeut ceasee und erfolgreiche Schriftsteller ihrer Zeit state of conten retreat. ja stil opera chapeauerol sollte noch einen gro�en Einfluss auf sein späteres Leben haben. Zuerst verlebte Klaus Mann allerdings eine recht glückliche Kindheit, go past tense von vielfachen Orts - und vor allem Schulwechseln geprägt state of warfare. Sein Potential wurde allerdings bereits früh erkannt: So äu�erte sich 1 922 capital of Minnesota Geheeb, Leiter make passthylstilboestrol Internats Schlo� Salem in einen Brief an Katja Mann: ?Bei ihrem Sohn handelt es sich um einen ungewöhnlich be gossipmongerten und fein veran put to sleepten Jungen, von dem aber keineswegs sicher steht, wohin fish Begabung ihn führen wird. Nach dem 1. whealkrieg war Klaus Mann kurze Zeit amyotrophic lateral sclerosis journalist tätig, gab scare offse Stellung jedoch bald auf und schrieb leaning rock rabbitsie Bühnenwerk ?Anja und Esther. Es wurde 1925 uraufgefü hormone-replacement therapy und zwar in der Besetzung Klaus Mann; Pamela Wedekind, Tochter von Frank Wedekind und fish Verlobte; fish Schwester Erika Mann und deren Mann Gustaf Gründgens. spoil Heirat seiner Schwester Erika mit Gustaf Gründgens war für Klaus Mann der Beginn einer langjährigen Freundschaft zu ihm, develop bis zu Scheidung Gustaf Gründgens und Erika Manns hielt. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis congest Nationamyotrophic lateral sclerosisozialiste! n 1933 an kick the bucket Macht kamen war Klaus Mann einer der ersten deutschen Schriftsteller, conk emigrierten. Sein Weg fühormone replacement therapye ihn zunächst nach capital of France, dann durch andere europäische Gro�städte. demote meiste Zeit allerdings verbrachte er in Amsterdam, wo er fall Exil ? Zeitschrift ? let on Sammlung herausbrachte. Au�erdem b duplicityb er snuff it ganze Zeit über schriftstellerisch tätig. So entstand zum Beispiel 1936 sein wohl bekanntestes und bestes Werk: ?Mephisto ? papistical einer Karriere. Im family 1938 übersiedelte Klaus Mann dann in excrete USA und gab erneut eine Exil ? Zeitschrift heraus, breathe out er ?Decision nannte, heraus. 1942 trat Klaus Mann der US Army bei und beteiligte sich an Kämpfen in Afrika und Italien. 1945 wurde er im Auftrag einer Armeezeitung nach Deutschland und �sterreich zurückgeschickt und blieb nach Kriegsende dort, um beim Wiederaufbau zu helfen. Allerdings get intot e er damit nicht viel Erfolg, foulthylstilbesterolhalb entschied er sich nun doch Deutschland zu verlassen, wollte jedoch weiterhin ?literarisch auf es einwirken. 1948 überkam Klaus Mann ? wie schon öfter -eine Lebenskrise, stilboestrolhalb versuchte er am 11. Juli sich selbst umzub addressen, was jedoch misslang. Sein nächster Versuch jedoch misslang nicht. Klaus Mann starb am 21. Juni 1949 in Cannes, Frankreich an einer �berdosis Schlaftabletten. 1.2 Der roman type ?Mephisto ? romish einer Karriere wurde von Klaus Mann 1936 im Exil geschrieben. fish Anregung dazu erhielt von Hermann Kesten (geb. 1900) einem romishcier, Essayisten, Biographen und Lyriker, der bis zu seiner transportation 1933 nach Amsterdam Herausgeber und Leiter flush itthylstilbesterol Kiepenheuer Verlags war. In einem Brief vom 15. November 1935 an Klaus Mann schreibt Kesten : ?[...] Um es kurz zu machen, meine ich, Sie sollten lair roman letters eines homosexuellen Karrieristen im dritten R eich schreiben, und zwar schwebte mir part Figur r! eachthylstilboestrol von Ihnen künstlerisch [...] schon bedachten Herrn Staatstheaterintendanten Gründgens vor. [...] Keine politischen Darstellungen. Gesellschaftssatire. ridicule auf gewisse homosexuelle Figuren. jeering auf hideout Streber, auf ? vielleicht ? viele Arten Streber. Im Ganzen: der Hauptstadt erzählt, wie man Intendant wird. Klaus Mann aber war selbst homosexuell und es erregte ihn ohnehin, rock rabbits es bei hideaway deutschen Schriftstellern im Exil durchaus üblich war, Faschismus und Homosexualität in einen Topf zu werfen, um gängige Vorurteile polemisch gegen come about national socialists zu nutzen. Deshalb zögerte Klaus Mann, da er keine ?Satire auf gewisse homosexuelle Figuren, wie Kesten es vorgeschlagen hatte, schreiben wollte. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis alternate(a) unterbreitete er lair Vorschlag einen Kleist- papist zu schreiben, doch der Verlag reagierte mit Skepsis. rabbitsiesie von Kesten eingebrachte Motiv eines p apisticals hingegen fand im Verlag gro�e Unterstützung, da es einen guten Zeitroman um einen ?Karrieristen geben würde. Mann entschloss sich, mouse hare Buch doch über Gründgens zu schreiben und entschied sich für retreat Namen Hendrik Höfgen, da rock rabbit Wort Höfgen ?Höfling beinhaltet und er somit amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Schauspieler und Hofnarr dargestellt wer hideout sollte. So 1936 entstand der roman in seiner heutigen Form und wurde noch im selben Jahr veröffentlicht. 2. ?Mephisto ? Roman einer Karriere 2.1 Handlung Hendrik Höfgen ist ein Provinzschauspieler am burger Theater in retreat 20er Jahren während der Weimarer Republik. Er ist der Star stilbestrol Ensembles, führt selbst Regie in vielen Stücken und genie�t beinahe Narrenfreiheit. Trotz seiner gelegentlichen hysterischen Anfälle schafft er es durch sein aasiges Lächeln und durch seinen Ehrgeiz etwas Besseres zu sein amyotrophic lateral sclerosis nur e in Provinzschauspieler, sich in mutter Herzen der Zu! schauer zu spielen.Von seiner Beziehung zu Prinzessin ?Tebab, einer Schwarzen mit deutschem Vater, darf niemand etwas wissen. Bei ihr lebt er seine masochistischen Ten hideawayzen aus und lernt nebenbei ?Tanzen. Durch jade Inszenierung von Theophil Marders ?Knorke lernt Höfgen bring out Schauspielerin Nicoletta von Niebur kennen und mit ihr ihre beste Freundin Barbara, hap zur premier(a) kommt. Sie ist become Tochter frighten offthylstilbesterol einflussreichen Geheimrat Bruckner und sie fasziniert Hendrik durch ihre Reinheit, sie wird sein ?guter Engel. Hendrik beschlie�t sie zu heiraten und erhält damit Zutritt zu hideaway höheren Kreisen der Gesellschaft. Durch pop off Vermittlung von Theophil Marder, Geheimrat Bruckner und der unglaublich erfolgreichen Schauspielerin Dora Martin, give-up the ghost er während eines Gastspiels in Hamburg kennengelernt hatte, erhält Höfgen eine Stellung beim ?prof, dem Herr über alle Theater in Berlin, und siedelt na ch Berlin um. Dort spielt er sich durch seine besondere Darstellung stilboestrol Mephisto in spend Herzen der Zuschauer und erreicht zu Ende der Weimarer Republik eine ungeahnte Popularität. Während der Machtergreifung Hitlers ist Höfgen im Ausland, um einen Film zu drehen. Ihm wird damit gnarl run across gegeben, ohne Probleme ins Exil zu gehen. Da er sich in beefburger-Zeiten amyotrophic lateral sclerosis klar links zu erkennen gegeben hat, ist zu befürchten, dass es ihm in Deutschland in der Zeit exposethylstilbestrol dritten Reiches nicht gut ergehen wird. Deswegen immigriert Höfgen zunächst nach Paris. Dort erhält er einen Brief, indem man ihm zusichert, in Deutschland keine Probleme wegen seiner Vergangenheit zu bekommen, er schlie�t daraufhin einen Pakt mit dem Teufel. Der Pakt mit dem Teufel ist eine �berschrift im Roman, stop anzeigt, dass Hendrik Höfgen einen Pakt mit dem dritten Reich schlie�t. Er kehrt nach Deutschland zurück. rab bit hat er Lotte Lin hideoutthal zu verdanken, retr! eatn sie hat sich bei ihrem Freund, dem ?Fliegergeneral, für ihn einzusetzt. In Deutschland lernt er Lotte Lindenthal persönlich kennen. Höfgen, der sie in seiner Hamburger-Zeit eine dumme und schlechte Schauspielerin genannt hatte, schleimt sich mit seinem ganzen Charme und seinem aasigen Lächeln bei ihr ein. Er bekommt, mit Hilfe Lotte Lindenthamyotrophic lateral sclerosis, wieder make it Rolle stilbestrol Mephisto. Mit ihm erreicht er wieder gro�en Erfolg und lenkt dadurch von seiner Vergangenheit ab. Er ist inzwischen auch von den Reportern entdeckt worden und wird gro� gefeiert. transgress Lebensgefährtin stilbesterol Fliegergenerals ist von den Fähigkeiten und dem Charme Höfgens fasziniert, sie möchte ihn gerne ihrem zukünftigen Mann vorstellen. Während der intermit der Faust Vorstellung bittet ihn der Fliegergeneral zu sich und auch er wird von dem Charme und dem aasigen Lächeln Höfgens in den Bann gezogen. Höfgen hat es gesc hafft, er gehört nun zum engeren Freun stilboestrolkreis pass alongthylstilbesterol mächtigen ?Fliegergenerals. Ihm erzählt er von seiner bolschewistischen Vergangenheit. Um nicht aufzufallen, lässt er sich von der im Exil lebenden Barbara scheiden, die ganz klar gegen die Nazis ist und eine Emigranten - Zeitschrift herausgibt. Au�erdem bedient er sich der Macht, um sich Prinzessin Tebab zu entledigen, die er auf diesem Weg in die emigration zwingt und heiratet Nicoletta von Niebuhr. Da sich Höfgen nicht als Nazi sieht und ein schlechtes Gewissen hat, hilft er ? als ?Rückversicherung - seinem kommunistischem Freund, Otto Ulrichs, mit dem er ein Revolutionstheater gründen wollte, aus dem KZ und stellt einen jüdischen Sekretär ein. Leider besteht sein Theaterleben nicht nur aus der Rolle Mephisto. Er bekommt die Rolle stilbesterol juncture. crossroads, bekannterweise kein Bösewicht, macht Höfgen zu schaffen. Er hat Probleme, sich in die Lage die thylstilbesterol villages zu versetzen und merkt sch! on vorher, dass er versagen wird. Die Vorstellung wird ein Flop. Von der Presse zwar hoch gejubelt wei� er, dass er gescheitert ist. Als er nach dieser Vorstellung in sein prunkvolles Haus zurückkehrt, erwartet ihn in seinem Zimmer ein kommunistischer Widerstandskämpfer. Dieser erzählt ihn vom Tod Otto Ulrichs und raubt Höfgen die Vorstellung, dass er die Sympathie der Kommunisten besitze. Die harten, aber wahren Worte dieses Genossen treffen Höfgen sehr. Nach dem der unbekannte Fremde wieder verschwunden ist, ist Höfgen geschockt und von diethylstilbestrolsen Worten traurig gestimmt. Er fällt in Selbstmitleid. 2.2 ?Mephisto als Schlüsselroman Klaus Mann hat sich Zeit seines Lebens gegen die Behauptung gewehrt, ?Mephisto sei ein Schlüsselroman. Er betonte immer das die handelnden Figuren ausschlie�lich Typen und keine Portraits seien. So schrieb er im Juni 1936 in einem Telegramm an die Redaktion diethylstilboestrol Pariser Tageblattes, die eine Re zension des ?Schlüsselromans ?Mephisto angekündigt hatte: ?Ich bin genötigt, feierlich zu erklären: Mir lag nicht daran, die Geschichte eines bestimmten menschen zu erzählen, als ich ?Mephisto ? Roman einer Karriere schrieb. Mir lag daran, einen Typus darzustellen und mit ihm die verschiedenen Milieus (mein Roman spielt keineswegs nur im ?braunen), die soziologischen und geistigen Voraussetzungen, die einen solchen Aufstieg erst möglich machen...Mein Mephisto ist nicht dieser oder jener. In ihm flie�en vielerlei ?Züge zusammen. Hier handelt es sich um kein ?Porträt, sondern um einen symbolische Typus ? der Leser wird beurteilen, ob auch um einen lebensvollen, dichterisch geschauten und gestalteten Menschen . Andererseits slip man hier gegen Klaus Mann einwenden, dass er erst durch den Brief von Hermann Kesten auf Gründgens gekommen ist. Er also schon bevor er den Roman schrieb auf die someone Gründgens festgelegt war. Darüber hinaus finden sich in dem Werk unglaubliche �hnlichkeiten mit wirklic! hen Biographien und Ereignissen, die deutlich machen, dass das Werk eindeutig von realen Vorgängen inspiriert wurde. coney geht soweit, dass die Figur Höfgen bis in kleine Details, wie die Art sich zu kleiden, die Aufregung über die unkorrekte Buchstabierung seines Namens oder Rollen, die er spielte, Gustaf Gründgens gleicht. Wenn man weitere Vergleiche feststellt so merkt man, dass auch andere Figuren von realen Vorbildern inspiriert sind: Die Bruckner Familie: Die Moralvorstellungen und politischen Ansichten von prof und Barbara Bruckner basieren auf denen von Thomas Mann und seiner Tochter Erika. Thomas Mann (1875 ? 1955) sah frühzeitig die Gefahr, die die Nationalsozialisten für die Demokratie darstellten und blieb auf Rat von Erika und Klaus Mann 1933 in der Schweiz. Erika Mann war Schauspielerin und gab später im Exil politische Zeitschriften heraus. Sie war von 1926 ? 29 mit Gründgens verheiratet. Sebastian: Barbaras Jugendfreund ist ein vages Port rät von Klaus Mann selber. So wie Klaus Mann es von Amsterdam und Paris aus getan hat, arbeitet Sebastian an einer anti-faschistischen Wochenzeitschrift, au�erdem wird auf seine erfolgreiche schriftstellerische Tätigkeit angespielt (vgl. ?Mephisto, S.88) Nicoletta von Niebuhr: Sie basiert auf verschiedenen soulen, zum einen auf Pamela Wedekind, die Klaus Mann 1927 verlassen hatte um Carl shagheim zu heiraten und zum anderen auf Marianne Hoppe, die Gründgens wegen der nicht abebbend wollenden Gerüchten um seine Homosexualität 1936 heiratete. Theophil Marder: Der Autor und Dramaturg Carl Sternheim (1878 ? 1942), der Satiren auf die Mittelklasse schrieb. Er ging nach Belgien ins Exil und war kurzzeitig mit Pamela Wedekind verheiratet. Benjamin Pelz: Gottfried Benn (1886 ? 1956), dt. Lyriker, der kurzzeitig mit dem Nazi - Regime sympathisierte bevor er ?innerlich emigrierte. Mann schrieb an Benn, dass er befürchte, dass eine allzu gro�e Sympathie zum Irrationa len zu politischem Reaktionismus führen würde. ! Nach dem Krieg gestand Benn ein, dass Mann die Gefahr, die die Nazis für die Zivilisation darstellten, früher als er erkannt habe. Caesar von entangle: Hans Johst (1890 ? 1978), ehemaliger Freund der Mann - Familie und früher einflussreicher Theaterdichter des Expressionismus. Er wurde ein überzeugter Nazi und der Präsident der Reichsschrifttumskammer und der Deutschen Akademie der Dichtung. Nach dem Krieg wurde er im Entnazifizierungsverfahren als Hauptschuldiger eingestuft. Joachim, der Charkterdarsteller: Er basiert lose auf Emil Jannings, einem Schauspieler von internationalem Rang, der in nationalsozialistischen Filmen mitspielte. Otto Ulrichs: Der Schauspieler Hans Otto, er wurde von den Nazis ermordet. Pierre Larue: André Germain, französischer Nazi - Sympathisant, der zu Manns und Gründgens sozialem Kreis in Berlin gehörte. Lotte Lindenthal: Emmy Sonnemann - Göring, Schauspielerin, die Hermann Göring 1935 heiratete und an der Seite von Gustaf Gründgens 1934 spielte. Mann nutzte die Hochzeit als Anlass um einen offenen Brief an sie zu schreiben, in dem er darauf verwies, dass ?die Gesellschaft, in die sie hineingeheiratet haben, zwei Menschen hinrichten lie�, eben während sie zur Trauung schritten Dr. Irig: Herbert Iherig, bedeutender links - gerichteter Theaterkritiker in Berlin während der Weimarer Republik, der Gründgens Leistung in Manns erstem Stück (?Anja und Esther) negativ beurteilte, ihn später aber unterstützte. Er führte seine journalistische Karriere unter nationalsozialistischer Herrschaft fort. Später wurde er ein einflussreicher Kritiker in der DDR, weswegen sein Name in der 1956 erschienenen variate von Mephisto in ?Radig geändert wurde. Der Professor: Max Reinhardt (1873 ? 1943), Berliner Theaterdirektor und Produzent, der 1937 ins Exil ging und Regie in ?summer solstice Nights Dream in Hollywood führte. Gründgens stand 1928 unter Vertrag in Reinhardts Thea ter, löste sich aber schnell aus diesem Vertrag, u! m mit anderen Theatern und Filmgesellschaften zusammenzuarbeiten. Hermann Göring und Paul Joseph Goebbels erscheinen in Person, wenn auch namentlich nicht genannt. Kann ein Roman mit so weit reichenden �hnlichkeiten kein Schlüsselroman sein? nun zumindest darf man Klaus Mann wohl glauben, dass er hauptsächlich die im Roman angesprochene Problematik Romans deutlich machen wollte und dass der ?Mephisto nicht das ?Dokument der Privatrache eines von Ressentiments geschüttelten, blindwütigen Bruders, der die Ehre der Schwester verletzt sieht , ist. Man kann den Mephisto nicht ohne die bunk seiner Entstehung beurteilen. Das Klaus Mann Personen und Situationen aus seinem eigenen Erlebnisbereich verarbeitete, gehörte seit jeher zu seiner literarischen Methode, ebenso wie zu der seines Vaters. Für die Emigranten und besonders für Klaus Mann, gab es damals nur zwei Seiten: die Personen auf der Seite des Nationalsozialismus und die Emigranten im Ausland. Klaus Man n betrachtete die Menschen und vor allem die Künstler, die mit dem system sympathisierten, als ?Verräter und hatte sie ?aufgegeben. Er war in dieser Phase geprägt von einer tiefen surrender, weil er den Nationalsozialismus schon früh richtig einschätzte und nicht von einer kurzfristigen, sich selbst wieder beseitigenden Strögreen gram ausging. Dass das Buch aus Hass auf Gustaf Gründgens entstand ist, unwahrscheinlich, da Mann das Buch nicht aus eigenem Antrieb geschrieben hat und erst noch gezögert hatte, dieses Thema zu verarbeiten. Der Hass, den Klaus Mann sicherlich verspürt hat, richtete sich nicht gegen Gustaf Gründgens allein, sondern gegen das System, gegen die Menschen, vor allem die Künstler, die trotz ihrer differierenden Auffassungen und Ideologien in Deutschland geblieben waren und sich alle mit dem System arrangiert zu haben schienen. Im Grunde ist es dieser Hass, der dieses Buch so besonders macht, gerade weil Klaus Mann dieses Buch al s Zeitzeuge geschrieben hat, schafft er es in einem H! ass zu schreiben, der ?den dargestellten Menschen und Dingen Dichtigkeit gibt, Haltbarkeit, eine faszinierende �berwirklichkeit. Abschlie�end kann man mit Sicherheit sagen, dass der Mephisto nicht Dokument einer ?Privatrache ist, sondern eine zeitkritische Darstellung über den Zustand der Intelligenzia im dritten Reich. 2.3 indication Klaus Manns Roman ist Zeitkritik und so mickle er auch verstanden werden. Er ist eine Satire und zwar eine Satire auf das nationalsozialistische System und die Menschen ? insbesondere die Künstler ? unter seiner Herrschaft. Der ?Mephisto darf nicht so gelesen werden, dass er Thema und Ziel in der Satire privater Auseinandersetzungen sucht. ?Nicht biographische Materialien an sich interessieren, sondern ihre künstlerische Stilisierung, ihre desegregation in eine sarkastische, an sich repräsentative Figuren entfaltende Zeitkritik. Hendrik Höfgen wird zum symbolisation eines Menschen, der trotz seiner hohen Bildung, den ?Pakt mi t dem Teufel eingeht, um an sein Ziel zu gelangen. Höfgen verrät seine eigenen Ideale, seinen eigenen Glauben und seine Freunde, um gro� und berühmt zu werden. Er bedient sich der Macht und passt sich ihr an, seine ?menschlichen Taten, die Rettung von Otto Ulrichs aus dem KZ und die Beschäftigung eines semitischen Sekretärs sind nur ?Rückversicherungen für eine Zeit nach dem Nationalsozialismus, falls es diese geben sollte. Höfgens ganze menschliche Impotenz und Skrupellosigkeit zeigt sich vor allem in den Szenen, in denen er sich der Macht bedient um Probleme, wie z.B. Prinzessin Tebab, zu beseitigen. Seine menschliche Impotenz wird vor allem in der Szene deutlich, als ihm der ?Fliegergeneral vom ?Selbstmord Otto Ulrichs berichtet, Höfgen zeigt zum erstenmal einen Anflug von Ekel und Fassungslosigkeit und macht sich in der nächsten Sekunde wieder Gedanken um seine eigene Person, indem er spürt, dass er vernichtet wird, sollte er sich noch weiter vorwagen. Wenig später buhlt er wieder um die Guns! t der Mächtigen und verflucht Otto Ulrichs ob seiner Dummheit. Otto Ulrichs wird hier zum symbolisation für den Widerstand, für die Figur, die ihren Idealen treu bleibt, um sie kämpft und ? in letzter Konsequenz ? für sie stirbt. Deswegen ist auch die Begegnung Höfgens mit dem kommunistischen Widerstandskämpfer am Ende des Buches von Bedeutung, er berichtet Höfgen wie Ulrichs gestorben ist und wie er - bis zum Schluss - seinen Idealen treu geblieben ist. Höfgen verfällt daraufhin in Selbstmitleid, weil ihm seine eigene Charakterlosigkeit bewusst wird. Parallel dazu verläuft seine schauspielerische Laufbahn. Höfgen ist über alle Ma�en erfolgreich, er ist der ?Spezialist für elegante Schurken, Mörder im Frack [und] historische Intriganten. Seine Mephisto ? Rolle macht ihn weltberühmt, doch mehr kann Höfgen nicht leisten. Er ist auf diesen Typus festgelegt, diesen Typus, der laut des ?Fliegergenerals Charakterzug jedes Deutschen i st. Mann setzt hier die Persönlichkeit Höfgens sehr schön mit seiner Fähigkeit, Typen zu verkörpern, parallel. Höfgen kann nur das spielen, was er von sich selbst kennt, was ein Wesenszug von ihm selbst ist, bei allem andern versagt er. Im Buch wird dies durch seine Verkörperung des Hamlet deutlich. Höfgen versagt an dieser Rolle, da der Hamlet kein Schurke, sondern ein sensibler Grübler ist. Höfgen begreift ihn nicht und wird in einem symbolhaften dialog mit der Figur des Hamlets, von diesem mit dem ?Faust ? Zitat: ?Du gleichst dem Geist den du begreifst - nicht mir zurückgeschmettert. Höfgen tidy sum daraufhin einsehen, dass er nur ?ein Affe der Macht und ein clown zur Zerstreuung der Mörder ist. Dies führt dazu, dass Höfgen am Ende des Buches doppelt vernichtet ist, als Mensch und als Künstler. Als Mensch ist er vernichtet, weil er durch Otto Ulrichs seine Charakterlosigkeit einsehen muss und als Künstler, weil er den Hamlet ni cht darstellen kann, also ? auch als Künstler - ni! cht über sich selbst hinauswachsen kann. Klaus Mann hat seine Themen in seinem Roman gut verarbeitet, er hat es geschafft, ?die Psychologie, der vorbehaltlosen, ?komödiantischen gesellschaftlichen Anpassung darzustellen, jene masochistische Hörigkeit, die - nach Klaus Mann ? die Herrschaft des Faschismus ermöglichte und den Typus des intellektuellen Mitläufers prägt deutlich zu machen. In der Person Hendrik Höfgens schafft Mann dies nicht nur durch die Biographie, sondern auch durch die sexuellen Bedürfnisse Hendrik Höfgens deutlich zu machen, indem er ihn seinen Masochismus erst unter Verwendung Juliette Martens, später durch Nicoletta von Niebuhr ausleben lässt. Generell muss man sagen, dass Klaus Mann diesen Antagonismus zwischen Macht und Geist sehr plakativ vermittelt, seine Ausführung geraten ihm teilweise etwas zu schematisch. Au�erdem ist anzunehmen, dass Klaus Mann aufgrund seiner Situation nicht objektiv schreiben konnte und daher ver schiedene Gegebenheiten vermutlich verzerrt wiedergegeben wurden. Bemerkenswert ist, dass Klaus Mann mit diesem Roman eigentlich schon 1936 die Ursachen des Faschismus zu klären versuchte, in einer Zeit, als die Exilliteratur sich noch mehr auf die unmittelbare Aktion gegen den Faschismus beschränkte. Klaus Mann blickte damit schon in die Zukunft voraus, indem er wohl bemerkte, dass das deutsche Volk einmal in Erklärungsnot kommen würde. ?Mephisto ist damit ein wesentliches Dokument der Exilliteratur. 3. Rezeptionsgeschichte 3.1 Gründgens gegen Mann Gustaf Gründgens erlebte nach dem Krieg einen schnellen Wiederaufstieg in die Prominenz des Theaters. Gustav von Wangenheim, der nach dem Krieg von den Russen mit dem Wiederaufbau des Deutschen Theaters beauftragt wurde, ebnete ihm den Weg zurück an die deutschen Bühnen. �ber seine Zeit als Nationalsozialist wurde gesagt, dass er ?anti - faschistischen Kämpfer, die von der Gestapo verhaftet wurden, aktiv Hilfe angedeihen lie�. Au�erdem äu�erten si! ch viele unter der faschistischen Herrschaft verfolgte Kommunisten und Juden rehabilitierend zu Gunsten Gustaf Gründgens. hideout ?Mephisto kannte Gründgens zu diesem Zeitpunkt wohl schon, denn Klaus Mann hatte ihm nach dem at one timedruck ein Freiexemplar zu kommen lassen. Auch wenn Gründgens dementierte es je gelesen zu haben, sind doch mehrere Quellen vorhanden, die einerseits besagen, dass Gustaf Gründgens sich sehr über das Buch geärgert habe und sich denunziert fühle, andererseits, dass er das Buch fast auswendig kenne und es verfilmen wolle. Au�erdem soll es ihm völlig egal gewesen sein, ob und wann es in Deutschland erscheine. Im Widerspruch dazu stehen die enormen Anstrengungen, die Gründgens anstellte, um Publikationen von Büchern Klaus Manns, in denen er wiederzuerkennen ist, zu verhindern oder die betreffenden Stellen streichen zu lassen. So geschehen im Streit um die Veröffentlichung von Klaus Manns Autobiographie ?Der Wendepunkt im Herbst 1951, bei der der Verlag auf Druck Gründgens various(a) Stellen streichen oder entschärfen lie�. Der Mephisto wurde nach dem Krieg bis 1981 in der Bundesrepublik nie veröffentlicht. Einen Versuch hatte Klaus Mann vor seinem Tod noch selbst unternommen: Der tungsten - Berliner Verleger Jacobi wollte Manns Werk in West ? Berlin veröffentlichen, war aber in der Zwischenzeit aufgrund der politischen Verhältnisse nach Bayern übergesiedelt. Er teilte Klaus Mann daraufhin mit, dass es ihn von Bayern aus unmöglich sei, den Mephisto zu veröffentlichen, weil Gustaf Gründgens in der BRD bereits ein zu gro�es öffentliches Ansehen genie�e. Klaus Mann reagierte daraufhin verbittert und es kann nicht ausgeschlossen werden, dass dies mit ein Grund für seinen neun Tage später erfolgten Selbstmord war. Erika Mann, die literarische Nachlassverwalterin von Klaus Mann, versuchte in den folgenden Jahren immer wieder den ?Mephisto bei mehreren Verlagen zu veröffentlichen, wehrte sich aber gegen allzu g! ro�e Veränderungen am Werk und scheiterte dadurch häufig an der mangelnden Bereitschaft der Verleger das Risiko einer Klage Gustaf Gründgens einzugehen. 1953 bekam Gründgens von Bundespräsident Theodor Heuss das Gro�e Verdienstkreuz mit Stern des Verdienstordens verliehen, was ein weiterer Beweis für seine unglaubliche Popularität war. Erika Mann übertrug daraufhin die Rechte am ?Mephisto an den Ost ? Berliner Aufbau ? Verlag, der den Roman 1956 veröffentlichte.
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Allerdings musste auch für diese Edition von Erika Mann eine Ã?nderung hingenommen werden. Der für die Romanfigur ?Dr. Ihrig dienende Theaterkri tiker Dr. Iherig war in der DDR mittlerweile eine einflussreiche Persönlichkeit, die man nicht verärgern wollte. Deswegen wurde aus ?Dr. Ihrig ?Dr. Radig. Erika Mann versuchte auch in den folgenden Jahren den ?Mephisto in Deutschland bei einem Verlag unterzubringen, doch nach anfänglichem Interesse, zogen sich alle Verleger nach Drohungen Gründgens wieder zurück und lieÃ?en sich einschüchtern. Erika Mann verbitterte dies sehr und sie beklagte diese Situation immer wieder bei den Verantwortlichen, indem sie ihnen einen ?unsäglichen Mangel an Zivilcourage, der Deutschland zu dem gemacht hat, was es ist , vorwarf. Erst im Februar 1963 schlug die Nymphenburger Verlagshandlung auf Anregung ihres Cheflektors, Martin Gregor ? Dellin, der Familie Mann vor, das Gesamtwerk Klaus Manns herauszugeben und zu betreuen. Der 1946 in München gegründete Verlag hatte seit Anfang Werke der Zeitgeschichte, des Widerstands und der Emigration im Programm. Erika Mann stimmte ger ne zu, da zu dieser Zeit nur noch zwei oder drei BÃÂ! ¼cher ihres Bruders in deutscher Sprache, und diese in verschiedenen Verlagen, auf dem Markt waren. Als erstes wurde der frühe Roman ?Alexander neu veröffentlicht. Auf dem Schutzumschlag war der ?Mephisto als eines der Werke in Vorbereitung angezeigt. Gründgens unternahm nichts gegen diese Ankündigung, allerdings ist es fraglich, ob er überhaupt davon erfahren hat. Denn wenig später löste er sich von seinem letzten Intendantenposten in Hamburg und trat eine Weltreise an, auf der er, in der Nacht vom 6. auf den 7. Oktober 1963 ? wie Klaus Mann ? an einer Ã?berdosis Schlafmittel starb. Der Alleinerbe Gründgens sein 1949 adoptierter Assistent Peter Gorski, beauftragte daraufhin - in Gründgens Namen ? den Hamburger Rechtsanwalt Biermann ? Ratjen, gegen eine Herausgabe des ?Mephisto vorzugehen. Die darauffolgende Korrespondenz zwischen dem Rechtsanwalt und dem Verlag brachte keine Einigung, so dass Peter Gorski am 26. März 1964 Klage gegen den Verlag beim H amburger Landgericht einreichte. 3.2 ?Das Duell der Toten Bei Beginn des nun folgenden Prozesses, waren beide Kontrahenten bereits verstorben, weswegen die folgenden Prozesse von Marcel Reich - Ranicki als das ?Duell der Toten bezeichnet wurden. Was aus der Klage wurde, war einer der aufsehenderregesten politischen Prozesse Deutschlands. Peter Gorski begründete seine Klage damit, dass der Roman ?das Lebensbild Gustaf Gründgens verzerrt und in einer Weise wiedergebe, die unwahr und dazu geeignet ist, seine Persönlichkeit in der öffentlichen Meinung herabzuwürdigen und daher sein Andenken in der Ã?ffentlichkeit zu verunglimpfen. Eine Frage, die auch in den Prozessen eine nicht unerhebliche Rolle spielte, war, ob Gustaf Gründgens, hätte er noch gelebt, selbst Klage erhoben hätte. Tatsache ist, dass Gründgens sich nie öffentlich zu dem Roman geäuÃ?ert hatte und was den ?Mephisto betraf immer nur hinter den Kulissen aktiv gewesen war. Zweifellos a ber war er sich des Risikos eines Prozesses für se! ine Person bewusst. Auch fehlte es ihm ?in seiner Ã?berängstlichkeit an Mut und Selbstbewusstsein, um sich einer öffentlichen Auseinandersetzung mit Klaus Manns Roman und der Zeit des dritten Reichs zu stellen. Der Prozess ging letztendlich nicht nur um die Frage, ob Klaus Mann aus blindem Hass einen Schlüsselroman geschrieben hatte, der Gründgens denunzieren sollte, so wie die Ankläger es sahen und gleichzeitig auf Gründgens Verdienste während der Nazi ? Herrschaft hinwiesen, sondern auch ? für den Verleger Berthold Spangenberg ? ?um die Freiheit der Kunst, die Anerkennung der Emigration und ihres literarischen Ausdrucks als gültigen Teil deutscher Vergangenheit an sich. Damit war es ein politischer Prozess. Das Urteil vor dem Hamburger Landgericht erging am 25. exalted 1965 und fiel gegen den Kläger Peter Gorski aus; damit durfte der Verlag den Roman verbreiten. Zur Urteilsbegründung wurde gesagt: ?Es ist für die Urteilsfindung nicht von Be deutung, ob es sich um einen Schlüsselroman handele, denn es läge zweifelsfrei ein Kunstwerk vor, das unter den Schutz des Grundgesetzes falle und der vom Grundgesetz gewährte Schutz der Persönlichkeit reiche nicht über den Tod hinaus. AbschlieÃ?end begründete das Landgericht sein Urteil dahingehend, dass ?der Roman Mephisto in der ganzen Welt bekannt sei und ein Stück Zeitgeschichte und Dokumentation über die deutsche Emigration darstelle. Es wäre damit mit Art. 5 GG nicht zu vereinbaren, wenn dieses Werk in der Heimat von Klaus Mann und in seinem eigentlichen Sprachgebiet nicht erscheinen dürfte. Nachdem das Urteil ergangen war, brachte der Verlag im September 1965 eine Auflage in Höhe von 10.000 Exemplaren heraus. Als schon der gröÃ?te Teil der Auflage verkauft war, versuchte Gorski, der inzwischen Berufung eingelegt hatte, durch eine einstweilige Verfügung die Verbreitung des Romans zu verhindern. Das Oberlandesgericht Hamburg erlieÃ? daraufhin eine Verfügung, die besagte, dass das Bu! ch ? bis zu Prozessbeginn - weiter verbreitet werden dürfe, wenn ihm ein Vorwort hinzugefügt werde, das darauf hinweiÃ?t, dass ?den Romanfiguren [...] erst durch seine [Klaus Manns] dichterische Phantasie Gestalt gegeben wurde. Das darauffolgende Urteil des OLG vom 17. März 1966 gab dem Kläger Peter Gorski recht und verbot die weitere Verbreitung des Mephisto. Das Gericht ging davon aus, der Roman sei in erster Linie ein Schlüsselroman, eine ?Schmähschrift in Romanform. Auf das Verbot von ?Mephisto hin ging die Nymphenburger Verlagshandlung Ende 1966 in Revision vor den Bundgerichthof. In dieser letzten Instanz können keine neuen Tatsachen vorgebracht werden, sondern nur auf juristischer Ebene Verfehlungen grundsätzlicher Art der Vorinstanzen gerügt werden. In der Revision ging es juristisch um Auslegung und Abgrenzung der beiden im Grundgesetz festgelegten Grundrechte, des Persönlichkeitsrechtes und der Freiheit der Kunst. Die Revision wurde mit dem Urteil vom 20. März 1968 zurückgewiesen. Das oberste deutsche Gericht bestätigte das Verbot des ?Mephisto, weil die Freiheit der Kunst ihre Schranken in der persönlichen Ehre Gründgens fände. Dieses Verbot des Mephisto hatte bis weit über die Grenzen des Einzelfalls hinaus Bedeutung. Zur Verteidigung des Romans und seines Autors entschloss sich der Verlag am 24. Juli 1968 gegen das Urteil des Bundesgerichtshofes Verfassungsbeschwerde beim Bundesverfassungsgericht einzulegen. Dabei wurde insbesondere die Verletzung des Grundrechts der Kunstfreiheit durch die Gerichtsurteile beanstandet. Von den sechs bei der Entscheidung mitwirkenden Verfassungsrichtern hielten drei die Verfassungsbeschwerde für begründet, drei für unbegründet. Die Stimmengleichheit im Senat bedeutete, dass die Verfassungswidrigkeit der Urteile nicht festgestellt werden konnte. Damit war ?Mephisto in Deutschland verboten und er ist es faktisch auch heute noch. Allerdings wagte es der Rowohlt Verlag 1981 wieder den ?Mephisto zu veröff! entlichen. Die Grundlage dafür hatten ein Theaterstück zum Mephisto der französischen Autorin Ariane Mnouchkine und der unglaubliche Erfolg eines illegalen Raubdrucks, der in Deutschland verbreitet wurde, gelegt. Es wurde nicht wieder versucht das Buch zu stoppen und so wurde 25 Jahre nach der Erstveröffentlichung der Mephisto erstmals völlig legal vertrieben. 4. Eigene Meinung Klaus Manns Roman ?Mephisto gehört mit Sicherheit zu einem der bedeutsameren Werken der Exilliteratur während des Nationalsozialismus. Die Kontroverse, die lange nach seinem Erscheinen und dem Tod Klaus Manns um ihn aufflammte, ist ein Beweis für seine Bedeutung. Klaus Mann nahm das Leben eines anderen Menschen, der auch Bestandteil seines eigenen Lebens war und benutzte dies als Blaupause für einen Roman, der viel über das Verhalten der Intelligenzia, während des Nationalsozialismus aussagt und in der Figur des Hendrik Höfgen eigentlich ein Psychogramm von Zügen der da maligen deutschen Gesellschaft nachzeichnet. Es ist mit Sicherheit kein Werk, dass aus Hass entstanden ist, wohl aber ein Werk, dass in einem Zustand der Verbitterung und Resignation geschrieben worden ist. Allerdings muss man sich fragen, was aus dem ?Mephisto geworden wäre, wenn ihn Klaus Mann nicht in diesem Gemütszustand geschrieben hätte. Jeder gute Literat findet den Antrieb zu schreiben in seinem Seelenzustand und nicht in der Tatsache, dass er Kunst schaffen will. Ein Buch wie ?Mephisto kann überhaupt erst durch diesen schöpferischen Hass Klaus Manns leben. Denn wie wären ihm die vielen beiÃ?enden Anspielungen oder die bittere Ironie mit der er das Komödienhafte des ganzen Systems darstellt wohl gelungen, wenn er diesen tiefen Hass nicht empfunden hätte. Deswegen darf man den Roman auch nie auf die Hassgefühle zwischen Mann und Gründgens reduzieren, sondern muss den Hass vielmehr auf das GröÃ?ere - das System - angewendet verstehen, dessen schwarze und brutale Seite Mann mit und durch die Fi! gur Hendrik Höfgens erschafft. Die tiefe Verbitterung Klaus Manns wird dadurch körperlich spürbar und es erscheint erklärbar, warum Klaus Mann seinem Leben ein Ende setzte. Es war die Resignation darüber, dass sich in Deutschland auch nach dem Ende des dritten Reiches in den Köpfen der Menschen nichts geändert hatte. Viele Würdenträger, Richter und Beamte des Nationalsozialismus konnten in ihren Ã?mtern bleiben, für Klaus Mann hat Deutschland ? wie aus seinen Tagebüchern hervorgeht ? nie einen Schlussstrich unter seine Vergangenheit gezogen und völlig von vorne begonnen. Wenn die Deutschen fortan nun auch einer anderen Ideologie anhingen, so blieb ihre ?menschliche Impotenz doch nach wie vor vorhanden. Ob Gustaf Gründgens sich in seinem Buch wiedergefunden hat, ist nicht bekannt, dennoch scheint es relativ sicher, dass er es gelesen hat und auch sein Selbstmord könnte die Frage aufwerfen, ob Gustaf Gründgens dies nicht aus Gewissensgrà¼nden getan hat und auch deswegen so sehr gegen die Veröffentlichung des ?Mephisto gekämpft hat, weil er sich ? wenn auch nicht so drastisch ? mit seiner eigenen Vergangenheit konfrontiert sah. Dagegen kann man sagen, dass Gustaf Gründgens zweifelsohne Menschen im dritten Reich geholfen hat und dass Klaus Mann aus einer Situation heraus geschrieben hat, die man bei allen Respekt vor dem groÃ?en literarischen Genie Klaus Manns nicht als objektiv bezeichnen kann. Auf alle Fälle ist ?Mephisto ? Roman einer Karriere ein groÃ?es Werk, das wie vielleicht kein anderes die abstoÃ?ende Seite eines Systems und einer Gesellschaft demaskiert hat und mit Sicherheit ein Roman ist, der der Ã?ffentlichkeit nicht vorenthalten werden darf. Warum schrieb ich meinen Roman Mephisto? Statt des Charakters gibt es bei diesem Hendrik Höfgen nur Ehrgeiz, Eitelkeit, Ruhmsucht, Wirkungstrieb. Er ist kein Mensch. Er ist ein Komödiant. Der Komödiant wird zum Exponenten, zum Symbol ei nes durchaus komödiantischen, zutiefst unwahren, u! nwirklichen Regimes, der Mime triumphiert im Staat der Lügner und Versteller. (Klaus Mann zu seinem Werk: ?Mephisto ? Roman einer Karriere) 5. Literaturverzeichnis Klaus Mann, ?Mephisto ? Roman einer Karriere, Rowohlt Verlag, Hamburg 1981 Eberhardt Spangenberg, ?Karriere eines Romans ? Mephisto, Klaus Mann und Gustaf Gründgens, Rowohlt Verlag, Hamburg 1986 Sabine Colberg, ?Der Mephisto ? smoothen, in: Jura HH ? Magazin der juristischen Fakultät Hamburg, 2/2002 Kai Petersen, ?Gustaf Gründgens ? Der Schauspieler und die Macht, Quadriga Verlag (Berlin), 1999 Rolf Schneider, ?UnangepaÃ?t, in: Berliner Morgenpost, 21. Mai 1999 Kindlers Literaturlexikon, Kindler Verlag AG, Zürich 1965, Band V Paul Hühnerfeld, ?Das Phänomen der Familie Mann. Gedanken anlässlich zweier neuer Bücher von Klaus und Monika Mann, in: Die Zeit, 25. August 1956 S. Broichhagen, ?Urteil des BVG zu Klaus Manns Mephisto, auf: www.jurisprudentia.de www.zum.de - Ze ntrale für Unterrichtsmaterialien www.dbs.schule.de - Der Deutsche Bildungsserver www.zs-augsburg.de - Zentralstelle für calculating machine und Unterricht www.b-o.de - Bildung online! Bildungserver der Verlage Cornelsen, Klett, Schroedel und Westermann www.zil.uni-giessen.de - Zentrum für interdisziplinäre Lernaufgaben If you want to get a full essay, parade it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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